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% FILENAME = N1.TXT
% Regulations
% Release version 4, October 2006
% Q44 modified 6 March 2012
% further mods 6 September 2012
%Question: 1
#1.1 The Amateur Service may be briefly defined as:
a private radio service for personal gain and public benefit
a public radio service used for public service communications
a radiocommunication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigation
a private radio service intended only for emergency communications
% ans 3
%Question: 2
#1.2 The organisation responsible for the International Radio Regulations is the:
European Radiocommunications Office
United Nations
International Telecommunication Union
European Telecommunication Standards Institute
% ans 3
%Question: 3
#1.3 New Zealand's views on international radio regulatory matters are coordinated by the:
New Zealand Association of Radio Transmitters (NZART)
Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment
International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)
Prime Minister's Office
% ans 2
%Question: 4
#1.4 For regulatory purposes the world is divided into regions each with different radio spectrum allocations. New Zealand is in:
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
% ans 3
%Question: 5
#1.5 The prime document for the administration of the Amateur Service in New Zealand is the:
New Zealand Radiocommunications Regulations
Broadcasting Act
Radio Amateur's Handbook
minutes of the International Telecommunication Union meetings
% ans 1
%Question: 6
#1.6 The administration of the Amateur Service in New Zealand is by:
Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Radio Spectrum Management Group
the Area Code administrators of New Zealand Post
the Radio Communications Division of the Ministry of Police
your local council public relations section
% ans 1
%Question: 7
#1.7 An Amateur Station is a station:
in the public radio service
using radiocommunications for a commercial purpose
using equipment for training new radiocommunications operators
in the Amateur Service
% ans 4
%Question: 8
#1.8 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency can be inspected by an authorised officer from the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment:
at any time
on any business day
before 9 p.m.
only on public holidays
% ans 1
%Question: 9
#1.9 The fundamental regulations controlling the Amateur Service are to be found in:
the International Radio Regulations from the ITU
the Radio Amateur's Handbook
the NZART Callbook
on the packet radio bulletin-board
% ans 1
%Question: 10
#1.10 You must have a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency to:
transmit on public-service frequencies
retransmit shortwave broadcasts
repair radio equipment
transmit in bands allocated to the Amateur Service
% ans 4
%Question: 11
#1.11 A New Zealand General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency allows you to operate:
anywhere in the world
anywhere in New Zealand and in any other country that recognises the Certificate
within 50 km of your home station location
only at your home address
% ans 2
%Question: 12
#1.12 With a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency you may operate transmitters in your station:
one at a time
one at a time, except for emergency communications
any number at one time
any number, so long as they are transmitting on different bands
% ans 3
%Question: 13
#1.13 You must keep the following document at your amateur station:
your General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency
a copy of the Rules and Regulations for the Amateur Service
a copy of the Radio Amateur's Handbook for instant reference
a chart showing the amateur radio bands
% ans 1
%Question: 14
#1.14 An Amateur Station is one which is:
operated by the holder of a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency on the amateur radio bands
owned and operated by a person who is not engaged professionally in radio communications
used exclusively to provide two-way communication in connection with activities of amateur sporting organisations
used primarily for emergency communications during floods, earthquakes and similar disasters.
% ans 1
%Question: 15
#1.15 If the qualified operator of an amateur radio station is absent overseas, the home station may be used by:
any member of the immediate family to maintain contact with only the qualified operator
any person with an appropriate General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency
the immediate family to communicate with any amateur radio operator
the immediate family if a separate callsign for mobile use has been obtained by the absent operator
% ans 2
%Question: 16
#1.16 All amateur stations, regardless of the mode of transmission used, must be equipped with:
a reliable means for determining the operating radio frequency
a dummy antenna
an overmodulation indicating device
a dc power meter
% ans 1
%Question: 17
#1.17 An amateur station may transmit unidentified signals:
when making a brief test not intended for reception by anyone else
when conducted on a clear frequency when no interference will be caused
when the meaning of transmitted information must be obscured to preserve secrecy
never, such transmissions are not permitted
% ans 4
%Question: 18
#1.18 You may operate your amateur radio station somewhere in New Zealand for short periods away from the location entered in the administration's database:
only during times of emergency
only after giving proper notice to the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment
during an approved emergency practice
whenever you want to
% ans 4
%Question: 19
#1.19 Before operating an amateur station in a motor vehicle, you must:
give the Land Transport Authority the vehicle's licence plate number
inform the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment
hold a current General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency
obtain an additional callsign
% ans 3
%Question: 20
#1.20 An applicant for a New Zealand General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency must first qualify by meeting the appropriate examination requirements. Application may then be made by:
anyone except a representative of a foreign government
only a citizen of New Zealand
anyone except an employee of the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment
anyone
% ans 4
%Question: 21
#1.21 An amateur radio operator must have current New Zealand postal and email addresses so the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment:
has a record of the location of each amateur station
can refund overpaid fees
can publish a callsign directory
can send mail to the operator
% ans 4
%Question: 22
#1.22 If you transmit from another amateur's station, the person responsible for its proper operation is:
both of you
the other amateur (the station’s owner)
you, the operator
the station owner, unless the station records show that you were the operator at the time
% ans 3
%Question: 23
#1.23 Your responsibility as a station operator is that you must:
allow another amateur to operate your station upon request
be present whenever the station is operated
be responsible for the proper operation of the station in accordance with the Radiocommunications Regulations
notify the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment if another amateur acts as the operator
% ans 3
%Question: 24
#1.24 An amateur station must have a qualified operator:
only when training another amateur
whenever the station receiver is operated
whenever the station is used for transmitting
when transmitting and receiving
% ans 3
%Question: 25
#1.25 A log-book for recording stations worked:
is compulsory for every amateur radio operator
is recommended for all amateur radio operators
must list all messages sent
must record time in UTC
% ans 2
%Question: 26
#1.26 Unqualified persons in your family cannot transmit using your amateur station if they are alone with your equipment because they must:
not use your equipment without your permission
hold a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency before they are allowed to be operators
first know how to use the right abbreviations and Q signals
first know the right frequencies and emissions for transmitting
% ans 2
%Question: 27
#1.27 Amateur radio repeater equipment and frequencies in New Zealand are co-ordinated by:
the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment
NZART branches in the main cities
repeater trustees
the NZART Frequency Management and Technical Advisory Group.
% ans 4
%Question: 28
#1.28 A qualified operator of an amateur radio station may permit anyone to:
operate the station under direct supervision
send business traffic to any other station.
pass brief comments of a personal nature provided no fees or other considerations are requested or accepted
use the station for Morse sending practice
% ans 3
%Question: 29
#1.29 The minimum age for a person to hold a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency is:
12 years
16 years
21 years
there is no age limit
% ans 4
%Question: 30
#1.30 If you contact another station and your signal is strong and perfectly readable, you should:
turn on your speech processor
reduce your SWR
not make any changes, otherwise you may lose contact
reduce your transmitter power output to the minimum needed to maintain contact
% ans 4
%Question: 31
#1.31 The age when an amateur radio operator is required to surrender the General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency is:
65 years
70 years
75 years
there is no age limit
% ans 4
%Question: 32
#1.32 Peak envelope power (PEP) output is the:
average power output at the crest of the modulating cycle
total power contained in each sideband
carrier power output
transmitter power output on key-up condition
% ans 1
%Question: 33
#1.33 The maximum power output permitted from an amateur station is:
that needed to overcome interference from other stations
30 watt PEP
specified in the amateur radio General User Radio Licence
1000 watt mean power or 2000 watt PEP
% ans 3
%Question: 34
#1.34 The transmitter power output for amateur stations at all times is:
25 watt PEP minimum output
that needed to overcome interference from other stations
1000 watt PEP maximum
the minimum power necessary to communicate and within the terms of the amateur radio GURL
% ans 4
%Question: 35
#1.35 You identify your amateur station by transmitting your:
"handle"
callsign
first name and your location
full name
% ans 2
%Question: 36
#1.36 This callsign could be allocated to an amateur radio operator in New Zealand:
ZK-CKF
ZLC5
ZL2HF
ZMX4432
% ans 3
%Question: 37
#1.37 The callsign of a New Zealand amateur radio station:
is listed in the administration's database
can be any sequence of characters made-up by the operator
can never be changed
is changed annually
% ans 1
%Question: 38
#1.38 These letters are generally used for the first letters in New Zealand amateur radio callsigns:
ZS
ZL
VK
LZ
% ans 2
%Question: 39
#1.39 The figures normally used in New Zealand amateur radio callsigns are:
any two-digit number, 45 through 99
any two-digit number, 22 through 44
a single digit, 5 through 9
a single digit, 1 through 4
% ans 4
%Question: 40
#1.40 Before re-issuing, a relinquished callsign is normally kept for:
1 year
2 years
0 years
5 years
% ans 1
%Question: 41
#1.41 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency authorises the use of:
all amateur radio transmitting and receiving apparatus
a TV receiver
amateur radio transmitting apparatus only
marine mobile equipment
% ans 3
%Question: 42
#1.42 General Amateur Operator Certificates of Competency and callsigns are issued pursuant to the Regulations by the:
New Zealand Association of Radio Transmitters (NZART)
Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Approved Radio Examiners
Department of Internal Affairs
Prime Minister's Office
% ans 2
%Question: 43
#1.43 To replace a written copy of your General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency you should:
Apply to an Approved Radio Examiner to re-sit the examination
Download an application form from the Department of Internal Affairs website
Download an application form from the Ministry's website (or have an Approved Radio Examiner do this for you)
Download and print one from the official database (or have an Approved Radio Examiner do this for you)
% ans 4
%Question: 44
#1.44 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency holder must advise permanent changes to postal and email addresses and update the official database records within:
One Calendar month
7 days
10 days
one year
% ans 1
%Question: 45
#1.45 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency:
expires after 6 months
contains the unique callsign(s) to be used by that operator
is transferable
permits the transmission of radio waves
% ans 2
%Question: 46
#1.46 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency is normally issued for:
1 year
5 years
10 years
life
% ans 4
%Question: 47
#1.47 A licence that provides for a given class of radio transmitter to be used without requiring a licence in the owner’s own name is known as:
a repeater licence
a general user radio licence
a beacon licence
a reciprocal licence
% ans 2
%Question: 48
#1.48 The holder of a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency may permit anyone to:
use an amateur radio station to communicate with other radio amateurs
pass brief messages of a personal nature provided no fees or other consideration are requested or accepted
operate the amateur station under the supervision and in the presence of a qualified operator
take part in communications only if prior written permission is received from the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment
% ans 2
%Question: 49
#1.49 International communications on behalf of third parties may be transmitted by an amateur station only if:
prior remuneration has been received
such communications have been authorised by the countries concerned
the communication is transmitted in secret code
English is used to identify the station at the end of each transmission
% ans 2
%Question: 50
#1.50 The term "amateur third party communications" refers to:
a simultaneous communication between three operators
the transmission of commercial or secret messages
messages to or on behalf of non-licensed people or organisations
none of the above
% ans 3
%Question: 51
#1.51 The Morse code signal SOS is sent by a station:
with an urgent message
in grave and imminent danger and requiring immediate assistance
making a report about a shipping hazard
sending important weather information
% ans 2
%Question: 52
#1.52 If you hear distress traffic and are unable to render assistance, you should:
maintain watch until you are certain that assistance is forthcoming
enter the details in the log book and take no further action
take no action
tell all other stations to cease transmitting
% ans 1
%Question: 53
#1.53 The transmission of messages in a secret code by the operator of an amateur station is:
permitted when communications are transmitted on behalf of a government agency
permitted when communications are transmitted on behalf of third parties
permitted during amateur radio contests
not permitted except for control signals by the licensees of remote beacon or repeater stations
% ans 4
%Question: 54
#1.54 Messages from an amateur station in one of the following are expressly forbidden:
ASCII
International No. 2 code
Baudot code
secret cipher
% ans 4
%Question: 55
#1.55 The term "harmful interference" means:
interference which obstructs or repeatedly interrupts radiocommunication services
an antenna system which accidentally falls on to a neighbour's property
a receiver with the audio volume unacceptably loud
interference caused by a station of a secondary service
% ans 1
%Question: 56
#1.56 When interference to the reception of radiocommunications is caused by the operation of an amateur station, the station operator:
must immediately comply with any action required by the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment to prevent the interference
may continue to operate with steps taken to reduce the interference when the station operator can afford it
may continue to operate without restrictions
is not obligated to take any action
% ans 1
%Question: 57
#1.57 An amateur radio operator may knowingly interfere with another radio communication or signal:
when the operator of another station is acting in an illegal manner
when another station begins transmitting on a frequency you already occupy
never
when the interference is unavoidable because of crowded band conditions
% ans 3
%Question: 58
#1.58 After qualifying and gaining a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency you are permitted to:
operate on any frequency in the entire radio spectrum
first operate for three months on amateur radio bands below 5 MHz and bands above 25 MHz to log fifty or more contacts
ignore published bandplans
make frequent tune-up transmissions at 10 MHz
% ans 2
%Question: 59
#1.59 Morse code is permitted for use by:
only operators who have passed a Morse code test
those stations with computers to decode it
any amateur radio operator
only those stations equipped for headphone reception
% ans 3
%Question: 60
#1.60 As a New Zealand amateur radio operator you may communicate with:
only amateur stations within New Zealand
only stations running more than 500w PEP output
only stations using the same transmission mode
other amateur stations world-wide
% ans 4
%Question: 61
#1.61 As a New Zealand amateur radio operator you:
must regularly operate using dry batteries
should use shortened antennas
may train for and support disaster relief activities
must always have solar-powered equipment in reserve
% ans 3
%Question: 62
#1.62 Your General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency permits you to:
work citizen band stations
establish and operate an earth station in the amateur satellite service
service commercial radio equipment over 1 kW output
re-wire fixed household electrical supply mains
% ans 2
%Question: 63
#1.63 You hear a station using the callsign “VK3XYZ stroke ZL” on your local VHF repeater. This is:
a callsign not authorised for use in New Zealand
a confused illegal operator
the station of an overseas visitor
probably an unlicensed person using stolen equipment
% ans 3
%Question: 64
#1.64 The abbreviation “HF” refers to the radio spectrum between:
2 MHz and 10 MHz
3 MHz and 30 MHz
20 MHz and 200 MHz
30 MHz and 300 MHz
% ans 2
%Question: 65
#1.65 Bandplans showing the transmission modes for New Zealand amateur radio bands are developed and published for the mutual respect and advantage of all operators:
to ensure that your operations do not impose problems on other operators and that their operations do not impact on you
to keep experimental developments contained
to reduce the number of modes in any one band
to keep overseas stations separate from local stations
% ans 1
%Question: 66
#1.66 The abbreviation “VHF” refers to the radio spectrum between:
2 MHz and 10 MHz
3 MHz and 30 MHz
30 MHz and 300 MHz
200 MHz and 2000 MHz
% ans 3
%Question: 67
#1.67 An amateur radio operator must be able to:
converse in the languages shown on the Certificate of Competency
read Morse code at 12 words-per-minute
monitor standard frequency transmissions
verify that transmissions are within an authorised frequency band
% ans 4
%Question: 68
#1.68 An amateur station may be closed down at any time by:
a demand from an irate neighbour experiencing television interference
a demand from an authorised official of the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment
an official from your local council
anyone until your aerials are made less unsightly
% ans 2
%Question: 69
#1.69 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency:
can never be revoked
gives a waiver over copyright
does not confer on its holder a monopoly on the use of any frequency or band
can be readily transferred
% ans 3
%Question: 70
#1.70 A person in distress:
must use correct communication procedures
may use any means available to attract attention
must give position with a grid reference
must use allocated safety frequencies
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N10.TXT
% Safety
% Release version 2, January 2000
%Question: 1
#10.1 You can safely remove an unconscious person from contact with a high
voltage source by:
pulling an arm or a leg
wrapping the person in a blanket and pulling to a safe area
calling an electrician
turning off the high voltage and then removing the person
% ans 4
%Question: 2
#10.2 For your safety, before checking a fault in a mains operated power supply
unit, first:
short the leads of the filter capacitor
turn off the power and remove the power plug
check the action of the capacitor bleeder resistance
remove and check the fuse in the power supply
% ans 2
%Question: 3
#10.3 Wires carrying high voltages in a transmitter should be well insulated to
avoid:
short circuits
overheating
over modulation
SWR effects
% ans 1
%Question: 4
#10.4 A residual current device is recommended for protection in a mains power
circuit because it:
reduces electrical interference from the circuit
removes power to the circuit when the phase and neutral currents are not equal
removes power to the circuit when the current in the phase wire equals the
current in the earth wire
limits the power provided to the circuit
% ans 2
%Question: 5
#10.5 An earth wire should be connected to the metal chassis of a
mains-operated power supply to ensure that if a fault develops, the chassis:
does not develop a high voltage with respect to earth
does not develop a high voltage with respect to the phase lead
becomes a conductor to bleed away static charge
provides a path to ground in case of lightning strikes
% ans 1
%Question: 6
#10.6 The purpose of using three wires in the mains power cord and plug on
amateur radio equipment is to:
make it inconvenient to use
prevent the chassis from becoming live in case of an internal short to the
chassis
prevent the plug from being reversed in the wall outlet
prevent short circuits
% ans 2
%Question: 7
#10.7 The correct colour coding for the phase wire in a flexible mains lead is:
brown
blue
yellow and green
white
% ans 1
%Question: 8
#10.8 The correct colour coding for the neutral wire in a flexible mains lead
is:
brown
blue
yellow and green
white
% ans 2
%Question: 9
#10.9 The correct colour coding for the earth wire in a flexible mains lead is:
brown
blue
yellow and green
white
% ans 3
%Question: 10
#10.10 An isolating transformer is used to:
ensure that faulty equipment connected to it will blow a fuse in the
distribution board
ensure that no voltage is developed between either output lead and ground
ensure that no voltage is developed between the output leads
step down the mains voltage to a safe value
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N11.TXT
% Semiconductors
% Release version 2, January 2000
% Q 11 modified 6 Mar 2012
%Question: 1
#11.1 The basic semiconductor amplifying device is a:
diode
transistor
pn-junction
silicon gate
% ans 2
%Question: 2
#11.2 Zener diodes are normally used as:
RF detectors
AF detectors
current regulators
voltage regulators
% ans 4
%Question: 3
#11.3 The voltage drop across a germanium signal diode when conducting is
about:
0.3V
0.6V
0.7V
1.3V
% ans 1
%Question: 4
#11.4 A bipolar transistor has three terminals named:
base, emitter and drain
collector, base and source
emitter, base and collector
drain, source and gate
% ans 3
%Question: 5
#11.5 The three leads from a PNP transistor are named the:
collector, source, drain
gate, source, drain
drain, base, source
collector, emitter, base
% ans 4
%Question: 6
#11.6 A low-level signal is applied to a transistor circuit input and a
higher-level signal is present at the output. This effect is known as:
amplification
detection
modulation
rectification
% ans 1
%Question: 7
#11.7 The type of rectifier diode in almost exclusive use in power supplies is:
lithium
germanium
silicon
copper-oxide
% ans 3
%Question: 8
#11.8 One important application for diodes is recovering information from
transmitted signals. This is referred to as:
biasing
rejuvenation
ionisation
demodulation
% ans 4
%Question: 9
#11.9 In a forward biased pn junction, the electrons:
flow from p to n
flow from n to p
remain in the n region
remain in the p region
% ans 2
%Question: 10
#11.10 The following material is considered to be a semiconductor:
copper
sulphur
silicon
tantalum
% ans 3
%Question: 11
#11.11 A varactor diode acts like a variable:
resistor
voltage regulator
capacitor
inductor
% ans 3
%Question: 12
#11.12 A semiconductor is said to be doped when small quantities of the
following are added:
electrons
protons
ions
impurities
% ans 4
%Question: 13
#11.13 The connections to a semiconductor diode are known as:
cathode and drain
anode and cathode
gate and source
collector and base
% ans 2
%Question: 14
#11.14 Bipolar transistors usually have:
4 connecting leads
3 connecting leads
2 connecting leads
1 connecting lead
% ans 2
%Question: 15
#11.15 A semiconductor is described as a "general purpose audio NPN device".
This is a:
triode
silicon diode
bipolar transistor
field effect transistor
% ans 3
%Question: 16
#11.16 Two basic types of bipolar transistors are:
p-channel and n-channel types
NPN and PNP types
diode and triode types
varicap and zener types
% ans 2
%Question: 17
#11.17 A transistor can be destroyed in a circuit by:
excessive light
excessive heat
saturation
cut-off
% ans 2
%Question: 18
#11.18 To bias a transistor to cut-off, the base must be:
at the collector potential
at the emitter potential
mid-way between collector and emitter potentials
mid-way between the collector and the supply potentials
% ans 2
%Question: 19
#11.19 Two basic types of field effect transistors are:
n-channel and p-channel
NPN and PNP
germanium and silicon
inductive and capacitive
% ans 1
%Question: 20
#11.20 A semiconductor with leads labelled gate, drain and source, is best
described as a:
bipolar transistor
silicon diode
gated transistor
field-effect transistor
% ans 4

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% FILENAME = N12.TXT
% Device Recognition
% Release version 3, October 2001
%QUESTION: 1
#12.1 <img src = "npn.gif" align = right width = 177 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 2 represents the:
collector of a pnp transistor
emitter of an npn transistor
base of an npn transistor
source of a junction FET
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 2
#12.2 <img src = "npn.gif" align = right width = 177 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 3 represents the:
drain of a junction FET
collector of an npn transistor
emitter of a pnp transistor
base of an npn transistor
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 3
#12.3 <img src = "pnp.gif" align = right width = 177 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 2 represents the:
base of a pnp transistor
drain of a junction FET
gate of a junction FET
emitter of a pnp transistor
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 4
#12.4 <img src = "pnp.gif" align = right width = 177 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 1 represents the:
collector of a pnp transistor
gate of a junction FET
source of a MOSFET
emitter of a pnp transistor
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 5
#12.5 <img src = "jfet.gif" align = right width = 167 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 2 represents the:
drain of a p-channel junction FET
collector of an npn transistor
gate of an n-channel junction FET
base of a pnp transistor
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 6
#12.6 <img src = "jfet.gif" align = right width = 167 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 3 represents the:
source of an n-channel junction FET
gate of a p-channel junction FET
emitter of a pnp transistor
drain of an n-channel junction FET
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 7
#12.7 <img src = "mosfet.gif" align = right width = 177 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 2 represents the:
gate of a MOSFET
base of a dual bipolar transistor
anode of a silicon controlled rectifier
cathode of a dual diode
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 8
#12.8 <img src = "mosfet.gif" align = right width = 177 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
The figure shown represents a:
dual bipolar transistor
dual diode
dual varactor diode
dual gate MOSFET
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 9
#12.9 <img src = "tetrode.gif" align = right width = 154 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 3 represents the:
filament of a tetrode
anode of a triode
grid of a tetrode
screen grid of a pentode
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 10
#12.10 <img src = "tetrode.gif" align = right width = 154 height = 90>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the figure shown, 5 represents the:
grid of a tetrode
screen grid of a tetrode
heater of a pentode
grid of a triode
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N13.TXT
% Meters and Measuring
% Release version 2, January 2000
%Question: 1
#13.1 An ohmmeter measures the:
value of any resistance placed between its terminals
impedance of any component placed between its terminals
power factor of any inductor or capacitor placed between its terminals
voltage across any resistance placed between its terminals
% ans 1
%Question: 2
#13.2 A VSWR meter switched to the "reverse" position provides an indication
of:
power output in watts
relative reflected voltage
relative forward voltage
reflected power in dB
% ans 2
%Question: 2
#13.3 The correct instrument for measuring the supply current to an amplifier
is a:
wattmeter
voltmeter
ammeter
ohmmeter
% ans 3
%Question: 4
#13.4 The following meter could be used to measure the power supply current
drawn by a small hand-held transistorised receiver:
a power meter
an RF ammeter
a DC ammeter
an electrostatic voltmeter
% ans 3
%Question: 5
#13.5 When measuring the current drawn by a light bulb from a DC supply, the
meter will act in circuit as:
an insulator
a low value resistance
a perfect conductor
an extra current drain
% ans 2
%Question: 6
#13.6 When measuring the current drawn by a receiver from a power supply, the
current meter should be placed:
in parallel with both receiver power supply leads
in parallel with one of the receiver power leads
in series with both receiver power leads
in series with one of the receiver power leads
% ans 4
%Question: 7
#13.7 An ammeter should not be connected directly across the terminals of a 12
volt car battery because:
the resulting high current will probably destroy the ammeter
no current will flow because no other components are in the circuit
the battery voltage will be too low for a measurable current to flow
the battery voltage will be too high for a measurable current to flow
% ans 1
%Question: 8
#13.8 A good ammeter should have:
a very high internal resistance
a resistance equal to that of all other components in the circuit
a very low internal resistance
an infinite resistance
% ans 3
%Question: 9
#13.9 A good voltmeter should have:
a very high internal resistance
a resistance equal to that of all other components in the circuit
a very low internal resistance
an inductive reactance
% ans 1
%Question: 10
#13.10 An rms-reading voltmeter is used to measure a 50 Hz sinewave of known
peak voltage 14 volt. The meter reading will be about:
14 volt
28 volt
10 volt
50 volt
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N14.TXT
% Decibels, Amplification and Attenuation
% Release version 2 December 1999
%Question: 1
#14.1 The input to an amplifier is 1 volt rms and the output 10 volt rms. This is an
increase of:
3 dB
6 dB
10 dB
20 dB
% ans 4
%Question: 2
#14.2 The input to an amplifier is 1 volt rms and output 100 volt rms. This is an
increase of:
10 dB
20 dB
40 dB
100 dB
% ans 3
%Question: 3
#14.3 An amplifier has a gain of 40 dB. The ratio of the rms output voltage to the rms
input voltage is:
20
40
100
400
% ans 3
%Question: 4
#14.4 A transmitter power amplifier has a gain of 20 dB. The ratio of the output
power to the input power is:
10
20
40
100
% ans 4
%Question: 5
#14.5 An attenuator network comprises two 100 ohm resistors in series with the input
applied across both resistors and the output taken from across one of them. The
voltage attenuation of the network is:
3 dB
6 dB
50 dB
100 dB
% ans 2
%Question: 6
#14.6 An attenuator network has 10 volt rms applied to its input with 1 volt rms
measured at its output. The attenuation of the network is:
6 dB
10 dB
20 dB
40 dB
% ans 3
%Question: 7
#14.7 An attenuator network has 10 volt rms applied to its input with 5 volt rms
measured at its output. The attenuation of the network is:
6 dB
10 dB
20 dB
40 dB
% ans 1
%Question: 8
#14.8 Two amplifiers with gains of 10 dB and 40 dB are connected in cascade. The
gain of the combination is:
8 dB
30 dB
50 dB
400 dB
% ans 3
%Question: 9
#14.9 An amplifier with a gain of 20 dB has a -10 dB attenuator connected in cascade.
The gain of the combination is:
8 dB
10 dB
-10 dB
-200 dB
% ans 2
%Question: 10
#14.10 Each stage of a three-stage amplifier provides 5 dB gain. The total
amplification is:
10 dB
15 dB
25 dB
125 dB
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N15.TXT
% HF Station Arrangement
% Release version 3, October 2001
%QUESTION: 1
#15.1 In the block diagram shown, the "linear amplifier" is:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
an amplifier to remove distortion in signals from the transceiver
an optional amplifier to be switched in when higher power is required
an amplifier with all components arranged in-line
a push-pull amplifier to cancel second harmonic distortion
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 2
#15.2 In the block diagram shown, the additional signal path above the
"linear amplifier" block indicates that:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
some power is passed around the linear amplifier for stability
"feed-forward" correction is being used to increase linearity
the linear amplifier input and output terminals may be short-circuited
the linear amplifier may be optionally switched out of circuit to reduce output power
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 3
#15.3 In the block diagram shown, the "low pass filter" must be rated to:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
carry the full power output from the station
filter out higher-frequency modulation components for maximum intelligibility
filter out high-amplitude sideband components
emphasise low-speed Morse code output
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 4
#15.4 In the block diagram shown, the "SWR bridge" is a:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
switched wave rectifier for monitoring power output
static wave reducer to minimize static electricity from the antenna
device to monitor the standing-wave-ratio on the antenna feedline
short wave rectifier to protect against lightning strikes
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 5
#15.5 In the block diagram shown, the "antenna switch":
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
switches the transmitter output to the dummy load for tune-up purposes
switches the antenna from transmit to receive
switches the frequency of the antenna for operation on different bands
switches surplus output power from the antenna to the dummy load to avoid distortion.
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 6
#15.6 In the block diagram shown, the "antenna tuner":
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
adjusts the resonant frequency of the antenna to minimize harmonic radiation
adjusts the resonant frequency of the antenna to maximise power output
changes the standing-wave-ratio on the transmission line to the antenna
adjusts the impedance of the antenna system seen at the transceiver output
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 7
#15.7 In the block diagram shown, the "dummy load" is:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
used to allow adjustment of the transmitter without causing interference to
others
a load used to absorb surplus power which is rejected by the antenna system
used to absorb high-voltage impulses caused by lightning strikes to the antenna
an additional load used to compensate for a badly-tuned antenna system
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 8
#15.8 In the block diagram shown, the connection between the SWR bridge and the
antenna switch is normally a:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
twisted pair cable
coaxial cable
quarter-wave matching section
short length of balanced ladder-line
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 9
#15.9 In this block diagram, the block designated "antenna tuner" is not normally necessary when:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
the antenna input impedance is 50 ohms
a half wave antenna is used, fed at one end
the antenna is very long compared to a wavelength
the antenna is very short compared to a wavelength
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 10
#15.10 In the block diagram shown, the connection between the "antenna tuner"
and the "antenna" could be made with:
<img src = "hfsta.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 170>
<totallines = 16 >
three-wire mains power cable
heavy hook-up wire
50 ohm coaxial cable
an iron-cored transformer
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N25.TXT
% Receiver Block Diagrams
% Release version 3, October 2001
% Q 15 and 19 changed 6 Mar 2012
%Question: 1
#16.1 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "RF amplifier":
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
decreases random fluctuation noise
is a restoring filter amplifier
increases the incoming signal level
changes the signal frequency
% ans 3
%Question: 2
#16.2 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "mixer":
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
combines signals at two different frequencies to produce one at an intermediate frequency
combines sidebands to produce a stronger signal
discriminates against SSB and AM signals
inserts a carrier wave to produce a true FM signal
% ans 1
%Question: 3
#16.3 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the output frequency of the
"oscillator" is:
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
the same as that of the incoming received signal
the same as that of the IF frequency
different from both the incoming signal and IF frequencies
at a low audio frequency
% ans 3
%Question: 4
#16.4 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "filter" rejects:
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
AM and RTTY signals
unwanted mixer outputs
noise bursts
broadcast band signals
% ans 2
%Question: 5
#16.5 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "IF amplifier" is an:
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15 >
isolation frequency amplifier
intelligence frequency amplifier
indeterminate frequency amplifier
intermediate frequency amplifier
% ans 4
%Question: 6
#16.6 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "product detector":
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
produces an 800 Hz beat note
separates CW and SSB signals
rejects AM signals
translates signals to audio frequencies
% ans 4
%Question: 7
#16.7 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "AF amplifier":
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
rejects AM and RTTY signals
amplifies audio frequency signals
has a very narrow passband
restores ambiance to the audio
% ans 2
%Question: 8
#16.8 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "BFO" stands for:
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
bad frequency obscurer
basic frequency oscillator
beat frequency oscillator
band filter oscillator
% ans 3
%Question: 9
#16.9 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, most of the receiver gain is in the:
<img src = "ssbrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 161>
<totallines = 15>
RF amplifier
IF amplifier
AF amplifier
mixer
% ans 2
%Question: 10
#16.10 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "RF amplifier":
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
decreases random fluctuation noise
masks strong noise
should produce little internal noise
changes the signal frequency
% ans 3
%Question: 11
#16.11 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "mixer":
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
changes the signal frequency
rejects SSB and CW signals
protects against receiver overload
limits the noise on the signal
% ans 1
%Question: 12
#16.12 In the receiver shown, when receiving a signal, the output frequency of the "oscillator" is:
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16 >
the same as that of the signal
the same as that of the IF amplifier
of constant amplitude and frequency
passed through the following filter
% ans 3
%Question: 13
#16.13 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "limiter":
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
limits the signal to a constant amplitude
rejects SSB and CW signals
limits the frequency shift of the signal
limits the phase shift of the signal
% ans 1
%Question: 14
#16.14 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "frequency demodulator"
could be implemented with a:
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
product detector
phase-locked loop
full-wave rectifier
low-pass filter
% ans 2
%Question: 15
#16.15 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "AF amplifier":
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
amplifies stereo signals
amplifies speech frequencies
is an all frequency amplifier
must be fitted with a tone control
% ans 2
%Question: 16
#16.16 In this receiver, an audio frequency gain control
would be associated with the block labelled:
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
AF amplifier
frequency demodulator
speaker, phones
IF amplifier
% ans 1
%Question: 17
#16.17 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the selectivity would be set by the:
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
AF amplifier
mixer
limiter
filter
% ans 4
%Question: 18
#16.18 In the FM communications receiver shown in the block diagram, the "filter"
bandwidth is typically:
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
3 kHz
10 kHz
64 kHz
128 kHz
% ans 2
%Question: 19
#16.19 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, an automatic gain
control (AGC) circuit would be associated with the:
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
Speaker
IF amplifier
RF filter
Oscillator
% ans 2
%Question: 20
#16.20 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the waveform produced by the
"oscillator" would ideally be a:
<img src = "fmrx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 151>
<totallines = 16>
square wave
pulsed wave
sinewave
hybrid frequency wave
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N17.TXT
% Receiver Operation
% Release version 3, October 2001
% Q 23 modified 6 Mar 2012
%QUESTION: 1
#17.1 The frequency stability of a receiver is its ability to:
stay tuned to the desired signal
track the incoming signal as it drifts
provide a frequency standard
provide a digital readout
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 2
#17.2 The sensitivity of a receiver specifies:
the bandwidth of the RF preamplifier
the stability of the oscillator
its ability to receive weak signals
its ability to reject strong signals
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 3
#17.3 Of two receivers, the one capable of receiving the weakest signal will have:
an RF gain control
the least internally-generated noise
the loudest audio output
the greatest tuning range
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 4
#17.4 The figure in a receiver's specifications which indicates its sensitivity is the:
bandwidth of the IF in kilohertz
audio output in watts
signal plus noise to noise ratio
number of RF amplifiers
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 5
#17.5 If two receivers are compared, the more sensitive receiver will produce:
more than one signal
less signal and more noise
more signal and less noise
a steady oscillator drift
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 6
#17.6 The ability of a receiver to separate signals close in frequency is called its:
noise figure
sensitivity
bandwidth
selectivity
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 7
#17.7 A receiver with high selectivity has a:
wide bandwidth
wide tuning range
narrow bandwidth
narrow tuning range
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 8
#17.8 The BFO in a superhet receiver operates on a frequency nearest to that of its:
RF amplifier
audio amplifier
local oscillator
IF amplifier
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 9
#17.9 To receive Morse code signals, a BFO is employed in a superhet receiver to:
produce IF signals
beat with the local oscillator signal to produce sidebands
produce an audio tone to beat with the IF signal
beat with the IF signal to produce an audio tone
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 10
#17.10 The following transmission mode is usually demodulated by a product detector:
pulse modulation
double sideband full carrier modulation
frequency modulation
single sideband suppressed carrier modulation
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 11
#17.11 A superhet receiver for SSB reception has an insertion oscillator to:
replace the suppressed carrier for detection
phase out the unwanted sideband signal
reduce the passband of the IF stages
beat with the received carrier to produce the other sideband
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 12
#17.12 A stage in a receiver with input and output circuits tuned to the received frequency is the:
RF amplifier
local oscillator
audio frequency amplifier
detector
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 13
#17.13 An RF amplifier ahead of the mixer stage in a superhet receiver:
enables the receiver to tune a greater frequency range
means no BFO stage is needed
makes it possible to receive SSB signals
increases the sensitivity of the receiver
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 14
#17.14 A communication receiver may have several IF filters of different bandwidths. The operator selects one to:
improve the S-meter readings
improve the receiver sensitivity
improve the reception of different types of signal
increase the noise received
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 15
#17.15 The stage in a superhet receiver with a tuneable input and fixed tuned output is the:
RF amplifier
mixer stage
IF amplifier
local oscillator
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 16
#17.16 The mixer stage of a superhet receiver:
produces spurious signals
produces an intermediate frequency signal
acts as a buffer stage
demodulates SSB signals
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 17
#17.17 A 7 MHz signal and a 16 MHz oscillator are applied to a mixer stage. The output will contain the input frequencies and:
8 and 9 MHz
7 and 9 MHz
9 and 23 MHz
3.5 and 9 MHz
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 18
#17.18 Selectivity in a superhet receiver is achieved primarily in the:
RF amplifier
Mixer
IF amplifier
Audio stage
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 19
#17.19 The abbreviation AGC means:
attenuating gain capacitor
automatic gain control
anode-grid capacitor
amplified grid conductance
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 20
#17.20 The AGC circuit in a receiver usually controls the:
audio stage
mixer stage
power supply
RF and IF stages
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 21
#17.21 The tuning control of a superhet receiver changes the tuned frequency of the:
audio amplifier
IF amplifier
local oscillator
post-detector amplifier
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 22
#17.22 A superhet receiver, with an IF at 500 kHz, is receiving a 14 MHz signal. The local oscillator frequency is:
14.5 MHz
19 MHz
500 kHz
28 MHz
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 23
#17.23 An audio amplifier is necessary in an AM receiver because:
signals leaving the detector are weak
the carrier frequency must be replaced
the signal requires demodulation
RF signals are not heard by the human ear
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 24
#17.24 The audio output transformer in a receiver is required to:
step up the audio gain
protect the loudspeaker from high currents
improve the audio tone
match the output impedance of the audio amplifier to the speaker
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 25
#17.25 If the carrier insertion oscillator is counted, then a single conversion superhet receiver has:
one oscillator
two oscillators
three oscillators
four oscillators
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 26
#17.26 A superhet receiver, with a 500 kHz IF, is receiving a signal at 21.0 MHz. A strong unwanted signal at 22 MHz is interfering. The cause is:
insufficient IF selectivity
the 22 MHz signal is out-of-band
22 MHz is the image frequency
insufficient RF gain
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 27
#17.27 A superhet receiver receives an incoming signal of 3540 kHz and the local oscillator produces a signal of 3995 kHz. The IF amplifier is tuned to:
455 kHz
3540 kHz
3995 kHz
7435 kHz
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 28
#17.28 A double conversion receiver designed for SSB reception has a carrier insertion oscillator and:
one IF stage and one local oscillator
two IF stages and one local oscillator
two IF stages and two local oscillators
two IF stages and three local oscillators
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 29
#17.29 An advantage of a double conversion receiver is that it:
does not drift off frequency
produces a louder audio signal
has improved image rejection characteristics
is a more sensitive receiver
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 30
#17.30 A receiver squelch circuit:
automatically keeps the audio output at maximum level
silences the receiver speaker during periods of no received signal
provides a noisy operating environment
is not suitable for pocket-size receivers
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N18.TXT
% Transmitter Block Diagrams
% Release version 3, October 2001
%Question 1
#18.1 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "oscillator":
<img src = "ssbtx.gif" align = center width = 483 height = 145>
<totallines = 15 >
is variable in frequency
generates an audio frequency tone during tests
uses a crystal for good frequency stability
may have a calibrated dial
% ans 3
%Question 2
#18.2 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "balanced modulator":
<img src = "ssbtx.gif" align = center width = 483 height = 145>
<totallines = 15 >
balances the high and low frequencies in the audio signal
performs double sideband suppressed carrier modulation
acts as a tone control
balances the standing wave ratio
% ans 2
%Question 3
#18.3 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "filter":
<img src = "ssbtx.gif" align = center width = 483 height = 145>
<totallines = 15 >
removes mains hum from the audio signal
suppresses unwanted harmonics of the RF signal
removes one sideband from the modulated signal
removes the carrier component from the modulated signal
% ans 3
%Question 4
#18.4 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "mixer":
<img src = "ssbtx.gif" align = center width = 483 height = 145>
<totallines = 15 >
adds the correct proportion of carrier to the SSB signal
mixes the audio and RF signals in the correct proportions
translates the SSB signal to the required frequency
mixes the two sidebands in the correct proportions
% ans 3
%Question 5
#18.5 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "linear amplifier":
<img src = "ssbtx.gif" align = center width = 483 height = 145>
<totallines = 15 >
has all components arranged in-line
amplifies the modulated signal with no distortion
aligns the two sidebands correctly
removes any unwanted amplitude modulation from the signal
% ans 2
%Question 6
#18.6 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "VFO" is:
<img src = "ssbtx.gif" align = center width = 483 height = 145>
<totallines = 15 >
a voice frequency oscillator
a varactor fixed oscillator
a virtual faze oscillator
a variable frequency oscillator
% ans 4
%Question 7
#18.7 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "master oscillator" produces:
<img src = "cwtx.gif" align = center width = 404 height = 163>
<totallines = 13>
a steady signal at the required carrier frequency
a pulsating signal at the required carrier frequency
a 800 Hz signal to modulate the carrier
a modulated CW signal
% ans 1
%Question 8
#18.8 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "driver buffer":
<img src = "cwtx.gif" align = center width = 404 height = 163>
<totallines = 13>
filters any sharp edges from the input signal
drives the power amplifier into saturation
provides isolation between the oscillator and power amplifier
changes the frequency of the master oscillator signal
% ans 3
%Question 9
#18.9 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "Morse key":
<img src = "cwtx.gif" align = center width = 404 height = 163>
<totallines = 13>
turns the DC power to the transmitter on and off
allows the oscillator signal to pass only when the key is depressed
changes the frequency of the transmitted signal when the key is
depressed
adds an 800 Hz audio tone to the signal when the key is depressed
% ans 2
%Question 10
#18.10 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "power amplifier":
<img src = "cwtx.gif" align = center width = 404 height = 163>
<totallines = 13 >
need not have linear characteristics
amplifies the bandwidth of its input signal
must be adjusted during key-up conditions
should be water-cooled
% ans 1
%Question 11
#18.11 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "speech amplifier":
<img src = "fmtx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 143>
<totallines = 16 >
amplifies the audio signal from the microphone
is a spectral equalization entropy changer
amplifies only speech, while discriminating against background noises
shifts the frequency spectrum of the audio signal into the RF region
% ans 1
%Question 12
#18.12 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "modulator":
<img src = "fmtx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 143>
<totallines = 16>
is an amplitude modulator with feedback
is an SSB modulator with feedback
causes the speech waveform to gate the oscillator on and off
causes the speech waveform to shift the frequency of the oscillator
% ans 4
%Question 13
#18.13 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "oscillator" is:
<img src = "fmtx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 143>
<totallines = 16 >
an audio frequency oscillator
a variable frequency RF oscillator
a beat frequency oscillator
a variable frequency audio oscillator
% ans 2
%Question 14
#18.14 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "frequency multiplier":
<img src = "fmtx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 143>
<totallines = 16 >
translates the frequency of the modulated signal into the RF spectrum
changes the frequency of the speech signal
produces a harmonic of the oscillator signal
multiplies the oscillator signal by the speech signal
% ans 3
%Question 15
#18.15 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "power amplifier":
<img src = "fmtx.gif" align = center width = 600 height = 143>
<totallines = 16 >
increases the voltage of the mains to drive the antenna
amplifies the audio frequency component of the signal
amplifies the selected sideband to a suitable level
amplifies the RF signal to a suitable level
% ans 4
%Question 16
#18.16 The signal from an amplitude modulated transmitter consists of:
a carrier and two sidebands
a carrier and one sideband
no carrier and two sidebands
no carrier and one sideband
% ans 1
%Question 17
#18.17 The signal from a frequency modulated transmitter has:
an amplitude which varies with the modulating waveform
a frequency which varies with the modulating waveform
a single sideband which follows the modulating waveform
no sideband structure
% ans 2
%Question 18
#18.18 The signal from a balanced modulator consists of:
a carrier and two sidebands
a carrier and one sideband
no carrier and two sidebands
no carrier and one sideband
% ans 3
%Question 19
#18.19 The signal from a CW transmitter consists of:
a continuous, unmodulated RF waveform
a continuous RF waveform modulated with an 800 Hz Morse signal
an RF waveform which is keyed on and off to form Morse characters
a continuous RF waveform which changes frequency in synchronism with
an applied Morse signal
% ans 3
%Question 20
#18.20 The following signal can be amplified using a non-linear
amplifier:
SSB
FM
AM
DSBSC
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N19.TXT
% Transmitter Theory
% Release version 2, January 00
%QUESTION: 1
#19.1 Morse code is usually transmitted by radio as:
an interrupted carrier
a voice modulated carrier
a continuous carrier
a series of clicks
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 2
#19.2 To obtain high frequency stability in a transmitter, the VFO should be:
run from a non-regulated AC supply
in a plastic box
powered from a regulated DC supply
able to change frequency with temperature
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 3
#19.3 SSB transmissions:
occupy about twice the bandwidth of AM transmissions
contain more information than AM transmissions
occupy about half the bandwidth of AM transmissions
are compatible with FM transmissions
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 4
#19.4 The purpose of a balanced modulator in a SSB transmitter is to:
make sure that the carrier and both sidebands are in phase
make sure that the carrier and both sidebands are 180 degrees out of phase
ensure that the percentage of modulation is kept constant
suppress the carrier while producing two sidebands
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 5
#19.5 Several stations advise that your FM simplex transmission in the "two metre" band is
distorted. The cause might be that:
the transmitter modulation deviation is too high
your antenna is too low
the transmitter has become unsynchronised
your transmitter frequency split is incorrect
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 6
#19.6 The driver stage of a transmitter is located:
before the power amplifier
between oscillator and buffer
with the frequency multiplier
after the output low-pass filter circuit
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 7
#19.7 The purpose of the final amplifier in a transmitter is to:
increase the frequency of a signal
isolate the multiplier and later stages
produce a stable radio frequency
increase the power fed to the antenna
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 8
#19.8 The difference between DC input power and RF power output of a transmitter RF amplifier:
radiates from the antenna
is dissipated as heat
is lost in the feedline
is due to oscillating current
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 9
#19.9 The process of modulation allows:
information to be impressed on to a carrier
information to be removed from a carrier
voice and Morse code to be combined
none of these
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 10
#19.10 The output power rating of a linear amplifier in a SSB transmitter is specified by the:
peak DC input power
mean AC input power
peak envelope power
unmodulated carrier power
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N2.TXT
% Frequencies
% Release version 4, October 2006
% Q 14 no modification needed 6 Mar 2012
%Question 1
#2.1 Amateur stations are often regarded as "frequency agile". This means:
operation is limited to frequency modulation
operators can choose to operate anywhere on a shared band
a bandswitch is required on all transceivers
on a shared band operators can change frequency to avoid interfering
% ans 4
%Question 2
#2.2 A new amateur radio operator is permitted to:
operate on all amateur bands other than VHF at least weekly using a computer for log-keeping
operate only on specified amateur bands for 3 months logging at least 50 contacts and retaining the log book for at least one year for possible official inspection
operate only on one fixed frequency in the amateur bands between 5 and 25 MHz for 6 months and then present the log book for official inspection
operate on amateur bands between 5 and 25 MHz as and when the operator chooses
% ans 2
%Question 3
#2.3 The frequency limits of the “80 metre band” are:
3.50 to 4.0 MHz
3.50 to 3.90 MHz
3.50 to 3.85 MHz
3.6 to 3.9 MHz
% ans 2
%Question 4
#2.4 In New Zealand the frequency limits of the “40 metre band” are:
7.00 to 7.10 MHz
7.00 to 7.15 MHz
7.00 to 7.30 MHz
7.10 to 7.40 MHz
% ans 3
%Question 5
#2.5 The frequency limits of the “20 metre band” are:
14.00 to 14.10 MHz
14.00 to 14.45 MHz
14.00 to 14.50 MHz
14.00 to 14.35 MHz
% ans 4
%Question 6
#2.6 The frequency limits of the “15 metre band” are:
21.00 to 21.35 MHz
21.00 to 21.40 MHz
21.00 to 21.45 MHz
21.00 to 21.50 MHz
% ans 3
%Question 7
#2.7 The frequency limits of the “10 metre band” are:
28.00 to 28.35 MHz
28.00 to 28.40 MHz
28.00 to 29.00 MHz
28.00 to 29.70 MHz
% ans 4
%Question 8
#2.8 The frequency limits of the “2 metre band” are:
144 to 149 MHz
144 to 148 MHz
146 to 148 MHz
144 to 150 MHz
% ans 2
%Question 9
#2.9 The frequency limits of the “70 centimetre band” are:
430 to 440 MHz
430 to 450 MHz
435 to 438 MHz
430 to 460 MHz
% ans 1
%Question 10
#2.10 The published bandplans for the New Zealand amateur bands:
are determined by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
change at each equinox
limit the operating frequencies of high-power stations
were developed by NZART in the interests of all radio amateurs
% ans 4
%Question 11
#2.11 Operation on the 130 to 190 kHz band requires:
a vertical half-wave antenna
special permission to operate in daylight hours
power output limited to 5 watt e.i.r.p. maximum
receivers with computers with sound cards
% ans 3
%Question 12
#2.12 Two bands where amateur satellites may operate are
28.0 to 29.7 MHz and 144.0 to 146.0 MHz
21.0 to 21.1 MHz and 146.0 to 148.0 MHz
3.5 to 3.8 MHz and 7.0 to 7.1 MHz
7.1 to 7.3 MHz and 10.1 to 10.15 MHz
% ans 1
%Question 13
#2.13 The band 50 to 51 MHz is available to:
amateur radio operators subject to special conditions
all amateur radio operators as part of the 6 metre band
television broadcasting only
radio broadcasting stations only
% ans 1
%Question 14
#2.14 The following amateur radio band is shared with other services:
14.0 to 14.35 MHz
7.2 to 7.3 MHz
18.068 to 18.168 MHz
144.0 to 146.0 MHz
% ans 2
%Question 15
#2.15 The frequency band 146 to 148 MHz is:
shared with other communication services
allocated exclusively for police communications
exclusive to repeater operation
reserved for emergency communications
% ans 1
%Question 16
#2.16 The following amateur radio band is shared with another service in New Zealand:
51 to 53 MHz
144 to 146 MHz
7.0 to 7.1 MHz
24.89 to 24.99 MHz
% ans 1
%Question 17
#2.17 The published New Zealand amateur radio bandplans are:
obligatory for all amateur radio operators to observe
recommended, and all amateur radio operators should follow them
to show where distant stations can be worked
for tests and experimental purposes only
% ans 2
%Question 18
#2.18 The following band is allocated to New Zealand amateur radio operators on a primary basis:
3.5 to 3.9 MHz
10.1 to 10.15 MHz
146 to 148 MHz
21 to 21.45 MHz
% ans 4
%Question 19
#2.19 When the Amateur Service is a secondary user of a band and another service is the primary user, this means:
nothing at all, all users have equal rights to operate
amateurs may only use the band during emergencies
the band may be used by amateurs provided they do not cause harmful interference to primary users
you may increase transmitter power to overcome any interference caused by primary users
% ans 3
%Question 20
#2.20 This rule applies if two amateur radio stations want to use the same frequency:
the operator with the newer qualification must yield the frequency to the more experienced operator
the station with the lower power output must yield the frequency to the station with the higher power output
both stations have an equal right to operate on the frequency, the second-comer courteously giving way after checking that the frequency is in use
stations in ITU Regions 1 and 2 must yield the frequency to stations in Region 3
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N20.TXT
% Harmonics and Parasitics
% Release version 2, January 00
%QUESTION: 1
#20.1 A harmonic of a signal transmitted at 3525 kHz would be expected to occur at:
3573 kHz
7050 kHz
14025 kHz
21050 kHz
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 2
#20.2 The third harmonic of 7 MHz is:
10 MHz
14 MHz
21 MHz
28 MHz
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 3
#20.3 The fifth harmonic of 7 MHz is:
12 MHz
19 MHz
28 MHz
35 MHz
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 4
#20.4 Excessive harmonic output may be produced in a transmitter by:
a linear amplifier
a low SWR
resonant circuits
overdriven amplifier stages
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 5
#20.5 Harmonics may be produced in the RF power amplifier of a transmitter if:
the modulation level is too low
the modulation level is too high
the oscillator frequency is unstable
modulation is applied to more than one stage
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 6
#20.6 Harmonics produced in an early stage of a transmitter may be reduced in a later stage by:
increasing the signal input to the final stage
using FET power amplifiers
using tuned circuit coupling between stages
using larger value coupling capacitors
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 7
#20.7 Harmonics are produced when:
a resonant circuit is detuned
negative feedback is applied to an amplifier
a transistor is biased for class A operation
a sine wave is distorted
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 8
#20.8 Harmonic frequencies are:
always lower in frequency than the fundamental frequency
at multiples of the fundamental frequency
any unwanted frequency above the fundamental frequency
any frequency causing TVI
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 9
#20.9 An interfering signal from a transmitter has a frequency of 57 MHz. This signal could be the:
seventh harmonic of an 80 meter transmission
third harmonic of a 15 metre transmission
second harmonic of a 10 metre transmission
crystal oscillator operating on its fundamental
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 10
#20.10 To minimise the radiation of one particular harmonic, one can use a:
wave trap in the transmitter output
resistor
high pass filter in the transmitter output
filter in the receiver lead
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 11
#20.11 A low-pass filter is used in the antenna lead from a transmitter:
to reduce key clicks developed in a CW transmitter
to increase harmonic radiation
to eliminate chirp in CW transmissions
to reduce radiation of harmonics
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 12
#20.12 The following is installed in the transmission line as close as possible to a HF transmitter to reduce harmonic output:
a middle-pass filter
a low-pass filter
a high-pass filter
a band-reject filter
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 13
#20.13 A low pass filter will:
suppress sub-harmonics
reduce harmonics
always eliminate interference
improve harmonic radiation
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 14
#20.14 A spurious transmission from a transmitter is:
an unwanted emission unrelated to the output signal frequency
an unwanted emission that is harmonically related to the modulating audio frequency
generated at 50 Hz
the main part of the modulated carrier
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 15
#20.15 A parasitic oscillation:
is an unwanted signal developed in a transmitter
is generated by parasitic elements of a Yagi beam
does not cause any radio interference
is produced in a transmitter oscillator stage
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 16
#20.16 Parasitic oscillations in a RF power amplifier can be suppressed by:
pulsing the supply voltage
placing suitable chokes, ferrite beads or resistors within the amplifier
screening all input leads
using split-stator tuning capacitors
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 17
#20.17 Parasitic oscillations in the RF power amplifier stage of a transmitter may occur:
at low frequencies only
on harmonic frequencies
at high frequencies only
at high or low frequencies
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 18
#20.18 Transmitter power amplifiers can generate parasitic oscillations on:
the transmitter's output frequency
harmonics of the transmitter's output frequency
frequencies unrelated to the transmitter's output frequency
VHF frequencies only
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 19
#20.19 Parasitic oscillations tend to occur in:
high voltage rectifiers
high gain amplifier stages
antenna matching circuits
SWR bridges
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 20
#20.20 Parasitic oscillations can cause interference. They are:
always the same frequency as the mains supply
always twice the operating frequency
not related to the operating frequency
three times the operating frequency
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N21.TXT
% Power Supplies
% Release version 2, January 2000
% Q 6 corrected 6 Mar 2012
%Question: 1
#21.1 A mains operated DC power supply:
converts DC from the mains into AC of the same voltage
converts energy from the mains into DC for operating electronic equipment
is a diode-capacitor device for measuring mains power
is a diode-choked device for measuring inductance power
% ans 2
%Question: 2
#21.2 The following unit in a DC power supply performs a rectifying operation:
an electrolytic capacitor
a fuse
a crowbar
a full-wave diode bridge
% ans 4
%Question: 3
#21.3 The following unit in a DC power supply performs a smoothing operation:
an electrolytic capacitor
a fuse
a crowbar
a full-wave diode bridge
% ans 1
%Question: 4
#21.4 The following could power a solid-state 10 watt VHF transceiver:
a 12 volt car battery
6 penlite cells in series
a 12 volt, 500 mA plug-pack
a 6 volt 10 Amp-hour Gel cell.
% ans 1
%Question: 5
#21.5 A fullwave DC power supply operates from the New Zealand AC mains. The ripple
frequency is:
25 Hz
50 Hz
70 Hz
100 Hz
% ans 4
%Question: 6
#21.6 The capacitor value best suited for smoothing the output of a 12 volt 1 amp DC power supply is:
100 pF
10 nF
100 nF
10,000 uF
% ans 4
%Question: 7
#21.7 The following should always be included as a standard protection device in any power
supply:
a saturating transformer
a fuse in the mains lead
a zener diode bridge limiter
a fuse in the filter capacitor negative lead
% ans 2
%Question: 8
#21.8 A halfwave DC power supply operates from the New Zealand AC mains. The ripple
frequency will be:
25 Hz
50 Hz
70 Hz
100 Hz
% ans 2
%Question: 9
#21.9 The output voltage of a DC power supply decreases when current is drawn from it because:
drawing output current causes the input mains voltage to decrease
drawing output current causes the input mains frequency to decrease
all power supplies have some internal resistance
some power is reflected back into the mains.
% ans 3
%Question: 10
#21.10 Electrolytic capacitors are used in power supplies because:
they are tuned to operate at 50 Hz
they have very low losses compared to other types
they radiate less RF noise than other types
they can be obtained in larger values than other types
% ans 4

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% FILENAME = N22.TXT
% Regulated Power Supplies
% Release version 3, October 2001
% Q 4, 10 corrected 6 Mar 2012
%Question: 1
#22.1 The block marked 'Filter' in the diagram is to:
<img src = "regps.gif" align = center width = 511 height = 129>
<totallines = 13 >
filter RF radiation from the output of the power supply
smooth the rectified waveform from the rectifier
act as a 50 Hz tuned circuit
restore voltage variations
% ans 2
%Question: 2
#22.2 The block marked 'Regulator' in the diagram is to:
<img src = "regps.gif" align = center width = 511 height = 129>
<totallines = 13 >
regulate the incoming mains voltage to a constant value
ensure that the output voltage never exceeds a dangerous value
keep the incoming frequency constant at 50 Hz
keep the output voltage at a constant value
% ans 4
%Question: 3
#22.3 The block marked 'Transformer' in the diagram is to:
<img src = "regps.gif" align = center width = 511 height = 129>
<totallines = 13 >
transform the incoming mains AC voltage to a DC voltage
ensure that any RF radiation cannot get into the power supply
transform the mains AC voltage to a more convenient AC voltage
transform the mains AC waveform into a higher frequency waveform
% ans 3
%Question: 4
#22.4 The block marked 'Rectifier' in the diagram is to:
<img src = "regps.gif" align = center width = 511 height = 129>
<totallines = 13 >
turn the AC voltage from the transformer into a fluctuating DC voltage
rectify any waveform errors introduced by the transformer
turn the sinewave output of the rectifier into a square wave
smooth the DC waveform
% ans 1
%Question: 5
#22.5 The block marked 'Regulator' in the diagram could consist of:
<img src = "regps.gif" align = center width = 511 height = 129>
<totallines = 13 >
four silicon power diodes in a regulator configuration
two silicon power diodes and a centre-tapped transformer
a three-terminal regulator chip
a single silicon power diode connected as a half-wave rectifier
% ans 3
%Question: 6
#22.6 In the block marked regulator in the diagram below, a reversed diode may be present across the regulator. Its job is to
<img src = "regps.gif" align = center width = 511 height = 129>
<totallines = 15 >
Block negative voltages from appearing at the output
Blow a fuse if high voltages occur at the output
Blow a fuse if negative currents occur at the output
Bypass the regulator for higher voltage at its output compared to its input
% ans 4
%Question: 7
#22.7 A power supply is to power a solid-state transceiver. A suitable
over-voltage protection device is a:
crowbar across the regulator output
100 uF capacitor across the transformer output
fuse in parallel with the regulator output
zener diode in series with the regulator
% ans 1
%Question: 8
#22.8 In a regulated power supply, the 'crowbar' is a:
means to lever up the output voltage
circuit for testing mains fuses
last-ditch protection against failure of the regulator in the supply
convenient means to move such a heavy supply unit
% ans 3
%Question: 9
#22.9 In a regulated power supply, 'current limiting' is sometimes used to:
prevent transformer core saturation
protect the mains fuse
minimise short-circuit current passing through the regulator
eliminate earth-leakage effects
% ans 3
%Question: 10
#22.10 The purpose of a series pass transistor in a regulated power supply is
to:
suppress voltage spikes across the transformer secondary winding
work as a surge multiplier to speed up regulation
amplify output voltage errors to assist regulation
Allow for a higher current to be supplied than the regulator would otherwise allow
% ans 4

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% FILENAME = N23.TXT
% General Operating Procedures
% Release version 2, January 00
%QUESTION: 1
#23.1 The correct order for callsigns in a callsign exchange at the start and end of a transmission is:
the other callsign followed by your own callsign
your callsign followed by the other callsign
your own callsign, repeated twice
the other callsign, repeated twice
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 2
#23.2 The following phonetic code is correct for the callsign "ZL1AN":
zanzibar london one america norway
zulu lima one alpha november
zulu lima one able nancy
zulu lima one able niner
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 3
#23.3 The accepted way to call "CQ" with a SSB transceiver is:
"CQ CQ CQ this is ZL1XXX ZL1XXX ZL1XXX"
"This is ZL1XXX calling CQ CQ CQ"
"CQ to anyone, CQ to anyone, I am ZL1XXX"
"CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ this is New Zealand"
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 4
#23.4 A signal report of "5 and 1" indicates:
very low intelligibility but good signal strength
perfect intelligibility but very low signal strength
perfect intelligibility, high signal strength
medium intelligibilty and signal strength
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 5
#23.5 The correct phonetic code for the callsign VK5ZX is:
victor kilowatt five zulu xray
victor kilo five zulu xray
victor kilo five zanzibar xray
victoria kilo five zulu xray
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 6
#23.6 The accepted way to announce that you are listening to a VHF repeater is:
"hello 6695, this is ZL2ZZZ listening"
"calling 6695, 6695, 6695 from ZL2ZZZ"
"6695 from ZL2ZZZ"
"ZL2ZZZ listening on 6695"
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 7
#23.7 A rare DX station calling CQ on CW and repeating "up 2" at the end of the call means the
station:
will be listening for replies 2 kHz higher in frequency
will reply only to stations sending at greater than 20 wpm
is about to shift his calling frequency 2 kHz higher
will wait more than 2 seconds before replying to his call
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 8
#23.8 When conversing via a VHF or UHF repeater you should pause between overs for about:
half a second
3 seconds
30 seconds
several minutes
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 9
#23.9 Before calling CQ on the HF bands, you should:
listen first, then ask if the frequency is in use
request that other operators clear the frequency
request a signal report from any station listening
use a frequency where many stations are already calling
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 10
#23.10 The phrase "you are fully quieting the repeater" means:
your signal is too weak for the repeater to reproduce correctly
your signal into the repeater is strong enough to be noise-free on the output frequency
your modulation level is too low
you are speaking too quietly into the microphone.
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N24.TXT
% Practical Operating Knowledge
% Release version 2, January 00
%QUESTION: 1
#24.1 You are mobile and talking through a VHF repeater. The other station reports that you keep
"dropping out". This means:
your signal is drifting lower in frequency
your signal does not have enough strength to operate the repeater
your voice is too low-pitched to be understood
you are not speaking loudly enough
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 2
#24.2 A "pileup" is:
an old, worn-out radio
another name for a junkbox
a large group of stations all calling the same DX station
a type of selenium rectifier
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 3
#24.3 "Break-in keying" means:
unauthorised entry has resulted in station equipment disappearing
temporary emergency operating
key-down changes the station to transmit, key-up to receive
the other station's keying is erratic
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 4
#24.4 A repeater operating with a "positive 600 kHz split":
listens on a frequency 600 kHz higher than its designated frequency
transmits on a frequency 600 kHz higher than its designated frequency
transmits simultaneously on its designated frequency and one 600 kHz higher
uses positive modulation with a bandwidth of 600 kHz
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 5
#24.5 The standard frequency offset (split) for 2 metre repeaters in New Zealand is:
plus 600 kHz above 147 MHz, minus 600 kHz on or below 147 MHz
plus 600 kHz below 147 MHz, minus 600 kHz on or above 147 MHz
minus 5 MHz below 147 MHz, plus 5 MHz kHz on or above 147 MHz
plus 5 MHz below 147 MHz, minus 5 MHz kHz on or above 147 MHz
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 6
#24.6 The standard frequency offset (split) for 70 cm repeaters in New Zealand is plus or minus:
600 kHz
1 MHz
2 MHZ
5 MHz
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 7
#24.7 You are adjusting an antenna matching unit using an SWR bridge. You should adjust for:
maximum reflected power
equal reflected and transmitted power
minimum reflected power
minimum transmitted power
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 8
#24.8 The "squelch" or "muting" circuitry on a VHF receiver:
inhibits the audio output unless a station is being received
compresses incoming voice signals to make them more intelligible
reduces audio burst noise due to lightning emissions
reduces the noise on incoming signals
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 9
#24.9 The "S meter" on a receiver:
indicates where the squelch control should be set
indicates the standing wave ratio
indicates the state of the battery voltage
indicates relative incoming signal strengths
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 10
#24.10 The "National System" is:
the legal licensing standard of Amateur operation in New Zealand
a series of nationwide amateur radio linked repeaters in the 70 cm band
the official New Zealand repeater band plan
A nationwide emergency communications procedure
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 11
#24.11 A noise blanker on a receiver is most effective to reduce:
50 Hz power supply hum
noise originating from the mixer stage of the receiver
ignition noise
noise originating from the RF stage of the receiver.
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 12
#24.12 The purpose of a VOX unit in a transceiver is to:
change from receiving to transmitting using the sound of the operator's voice
check the transmitting frequency using the voice operated crystal
enable a volume operated extension speaker for remote listening
enable the variable oscillator crystal
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 13
#24.13 "VOX" stands for:
volume operated extension speaker
voice operated transmit
variable oscillator transmitter
voice operated expander
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 14
#24.14 "RIT" stands for:
receiver interference transmuter
range independent transmission
receiver incremental tuning
random interference tester
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 15
#24.15 The "RIT" control on a transceiver:
reduces interference on the transmission
changes the frequency of the transmitter section without affecting the frequency of the receiver section
changes the transmitting and receiver frequencies by the same amount
changes the frequency of the receiver section without affecting the frequency of the transmitter section
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 16
#24.16 The "split frequency" function on a transceiver allows the operator to:
transmit on one frequency and receive on another
monitor two frequencies simultaneously using a single loudspeaker
monitor two frequencies simultaneously using two loudspeakers
receive CW and SSB signals simultaneously on the same frequency
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 17
#24.17 The term "ALC" stands for:
audio limiter control
automatic level control
automatic loudness control
automatic listening control
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 18
#24.18 The AGC circuit is to:
expand the audio gain
limit the extent of amplitude generation
minimise the adjustments needed to the receiver gain control knobs
amplitude limit the crystal oscillator output
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 19
#24.19 Many receivers have both RF and AF gain controls. These allow the operator to:
vary the receiver frequency and AM transmitter frequency independently
vary the low and high frequency audio gain independently
vary the receiver's "real" and "absolute" frequencies independently
vary the gain of the radio frequency and audio frequency amplifier stages
independently
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 20
#24.20 The term "PTT" means:
push to talk
piezo-electric transducer transmitter
phase testing terminal
phased transmission transponder
% ans 1

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% FILENAME = N25.TXT
% Q Signals
% Release version 2 17 Dec 99
%Question: 1
#25.1 The signal "QRM" means:
your signals are fading
I am troubled by static
your transmission is being interfered with
is my transmission being interfered with?
% ans 3
%Question: 2
#25.2 The signal "QRN" means:
I am busy
I am troubled by static
are you troubled by static?
I am being interfered with
% ans 2
%Question: 3
#25.3 The "Q signal" requesting the other station to send slower is:
QRL
QRN
QRM
QRS
% ans 4
%Question: 4
#25.4 The question "Who is calling me?" is asked by:
QRT?
QRM?
QRP?
QRZ?
% ans 4
%Question: 5
#25.5 The "Q" signal "what is your location?" is:
QTH?
QTC?
QRL?
QRZ?
% ans 1
%Question: 6
#25.6 The "Q" signal "are you busy?" is:
QRM?
QRL?
QRT?
QRZ?
% ans 2
%Question: 7
#25.7 The "Q" signal "shall I decrease transmitter power?" is:
QRP?
QRZ?
QRN?
QRL?
% ans 1
%Question: 8
#25.8 The "Q" signal "your signals are fading" is:
QSO
QSB
QSL
QRX
% ans 2
%Question: 9
#25.9 The signal "QSY?" means:
shall I change to transmission on another frequency?
shall I increase transmitter power?
shall I relay to .... ?
is my signal fading?
% ans 1
%Question: 10
#25.10 The "Q" signal which means "send faster" is:
QRP
QRQ
QRS
QRN
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N26.TXT
% Transmission Lines
% Release version 2, January 2000
%Question: 1
#26.1 Any length of transmission line may be made to appear as an infinitely
long line by:
shorting the line at the end
leaving the line open at the end
terminating the line in its characteristic impedance
increasing the standing wave ratio above unity
% ans 3
%Question: 2
#26.2 The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is determined by the:
length of the line
load placed on the line
physical dimensions and relative positions of the conductors
frequency at which the line is operated
% ans 3
%Question: 3
#26.3 The characteristic impedance of a 20 metre length of transmission line is
52 ohm. If 10 metres is cut off, the impedance will be:
13 ohm
26 ohm
39 ohm
52 ohm
% ans 4
%Question: 4
#26.4 The following feeder is the best match to the base of a quarter wave
ground plane antenna:
300 ohm balanced feedline
50 ohm coaxial cable
75 ohm balanced feedline
300 ohm coaxial cable
% ans 2
%Question: 5
#26.5 The designed output impedance of the antenna socket of most modern
transmitters is nominally:
25 ohm
50 ohm
75 ohm
100 ohm
% ans 2
%Question: 6
#26.6 To obtain efficient transfer of power from a transmitter to an antenna,
it is important that there is a:
high load impedance
low load impedance
correct impedance match between transmitter and antenna
high standing wave ratio
% ans 3
%Question: 7
#26.7 A coaxial feedline is constructed from:
a single conductor
two parallel conductors separated by spacers
braid and insulation around a central conductor
braid and insulation twisted together
% ans 3
%Question: 8
#26.8 An RF transmission line should be matched at the transmitter end to:
prevent frequency drift
overcome fading of the transmitted signal
ensure that the radiated signal has the intended polarisation
transfer maximum power to the antenna
% ans 4
%Question: 9
#26.9 A damaged antenna or feedline attached to the output of a transmitter
will present an incorrect load resulting in:
the driver stage not delivering power to the final
the output tuned circuit breaking down
excessive heat being produced in the transmitter output stage
loss of modulation in the transmitted signal
% ans 3
%Question: 10
#26.10 A result of mismatch between the power amplifier of a transmitter and
the antenna is:
reduced antenna radiation
radiation of key clicks
lower modulation percentage
smaller DC current drain
% ans 1
%Question: 11
#26.11 Losses occurring on a transmission line between a transmitter and
antenna result in:
less RF power being radiated
a SWR of 1:1
reflections occurring in the line
improved transfer of RF energy to the antenna
% ans 1
%Question: 12
#26.12 If the characteristic impedance of a feedline does not match the antenna
input impedance then:
standing waves are produced in the feedline
heat is produced at the junction
the SWR drops to 1:1
the antenna will not radiate any signal
% ans 1
%Question: 13
#26.13 A result of standing waves on a non-resonant transmission line is:
maximum transfer of energy to the antenna from the transmitter
perfect impedance match between transmitter and feedline
reduced transfer of RF energy to the antenna
lack of radiation from the transmission line
% ans 3
%Question: 14
#26.14 A quarter-wave length of 50-ohm coaxial line is shorted at one end. The
impedance seen at the other end of the line is:
zero
5 ohm
150 ohm
infinite
% ans 4
%Question: 15
#26.15 A switching system to use a single antenna for a separate transmitter
and receiver should also:
disable the unit not being used
disconnect the antenna tuner
ground the antenna on receive
switch between power supplies
% ans 1
%Question: 16
#26.16 An instrument to check whether RF power in the transmission line is
transferred to the antenna is:
a standing wave ratio meter
an antenna tuner
a dummy load
a keying monitor
% ans 1
%Question: 17
#26.17 This type of transmission line will exhibit the lowest loss:
twisted flex
coaxial cable
open-wire feeder
mains cable
% ans 3
%Question: 18
#26.18 The velocity factor of a coaxial cable with solid polythene dielectric
is about:
0.66
0.1
0.8
1.0
% ans 1
%Question: 19
#26.19 This commonly available antenna feedline can be buried directly in the
ground for some distance without adverse effects:
75 ohm twinlead
300 ohm twinlead
600 ohm open-wire
coaxial cable
% ans 4
%Question: 20
#26.20 If an antenna feedline must pass near grounded metal objects, the
following type should be used:
75 ohm twinlead
300 ohm twinlead
600 ohm open-wire
coaxial cable
% ans 4

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% FILENAME = N27.TXT
% Antennas
% Release version 3, October 2001
%Question: 1
#27.1 <img src = "yagi.gif" align = right width = 291 height = 123>
<extralines = 4 totallines = 10 >
In this diagram the item U corresponds to the:
boom
reflector
driven element
director
% ans 1
%Question: 2
#27.2 <img src = "yagi.gif" align = right width = 291 height = 123>
<extralines = 4 totallines = 10 >
In this diagram the item V corresponds to the:
boom
reflector
driven element
director
% ans 2
%Question: 3
#27.3 <img src = "yagi.gif" align = right width = 291 height = 123>
<extralines = 4 totallines = 10 >
In this diagram the item X corresponds to the:
boom
reflector
director
driven element
% ans 3
%Question: 4
#27.4 <img src = "dipole.gif" align = right width = 400 height = 90>
<totallines = 10 >
The antenna in this diagram has two equal lengths of wire shown as 'X' forming
a dipole between insulators. The optimum operating frequency will be when the:
length X+X equals the signal wavelength
dimensions are changed with one leg doubled in length
length X+X is a little shorter than one-half of the signal wavelength
antenna has one end grounded
% ans 3
%Question: 5
#27.5 <img src = "dipole.gif" align = right width = 400 height = 90>
<totallines = 7 >
The antenna in this diagram can be made to operate on several bands if the
following item is installed at the points shown at 'X' in each wire:
a capacitor
an inductor
a fuse
a parallel-tuned trap
% ans 4
%Question: 6
#27.6 <img src = "dipole.gif" align = right width = 400 height = 90>
<totallines = 9 >
The physical length of the antenna shown in this diagram can be shortened and
the electrical length maintained, if one of the following items is added at the
points shown at 'X' in each wire:
an inductor
a capacitor
an insulator
a resistor
% ans 1
%Question: 7
#27.7 The approximate physical length of a half-wave antenna for a frequency of
1000 kHz is:
300 metres
600 metres
150 metres
30 metres
% ans 3
%Question: 8
#27.8 The wavelength for a frequency of 25 MHz is:
15 metres
32 metres
4 metres
12 metres
% ans 4
%Question: 9
#27.9 Magnetic and electric fields about an antenna are:
parallel to each other
determined by the type of antenna used
perpendicular to each other
variable with the time of day
% ans 3
%Question: 10
#27.10 Radio wave polarisation is defined by the orientation of the radiated:
magnetic field
electric field
inductive field
capacitive field
% ans 2
%Question: 11
#27.11 A half wave dipole antenna is normally fed at the point of:
maximum voltage
maximum current
maximum resistance
resonance
% ans 2
%Question: 12
#27.12 An important factor to consider when high angle radiation is desired
from a horizontal half-wave antenna is the:
size of the antenna wire
time of the year
height of the antenna
mode of propagation
% ans 3
%Question: 13
#27.13 An antenna which transmits equally well in all compass directions is a:
dipole with a reflector only
quarterwave grounded vertical
dipole with director only
half-wave horizontal dipole
% ans 2
%Question: 14
#27.14 A groundplane antenna emits a:
horizontally polarised wave
elliptically polarised wave
axially polarised wave
vertically polarised wave
% ans 4
%Question: 15
#27.15 The impedance at the feed point of a folded dipole antenna is
approximately:
300 ohm
150 ohm
200 ohm
100 ohm
% ans 1
%Question: 16
#27.16 The centre impedance of a 'half-wave' dipole in 'free space' is
approximately:
52 ohm
73 ohm
100 ohm
150 ohm
% ans 2
%Question: 17
#27.17 The effect of adding a series inductance to an antenna is to:
increase the resonant frequency
have no change on the resonant frequency
have little effect
decrease the resonant frequency
% ans 4
%Question: 18
#27.18 The purpose of a balun in a transmitting antenna system is to:
balance harmonic radiation
reduce unbalanced standing waves
protect the antenna system from lightning strikes
match unbalanced and balanced transmission lines
% ans 4
%Question: 19
#27.19 A dummy antenna:
attenuates a signal generator to a desirable level
provides more selectivity when a transmitter is being tuned
matches an AF generator to the receiver
duplicates the characteristics of an antenna without radiating signals
% ans 4
%Question: 20
#27.20 A half-wave antenna resonant at 7100 kHz is approximately this long:
20 metres
40 metres
80 metres
160 metres
% ans 1
%Question: 21
#27.21 An antenna with 20 metres of wire each side of a centre insulator will
be resonant at approximately:
3600 kHz
3900 kHz
7050 kHz
7200 kHz
% ans 1
%Question: 22
#27.22 A half wave antenna cut for 7 MHz can be used on this band without
change:
10 metre
15 metre
20 metre
80 metre
% ans 2
%Question: 23
#27.23 This property of an antenna broadly defines the range of frequencies to
which it will be effective:
bandwidth
front-to-back ratio
impedance
polarisation
% ans 1
%Question: 24
#27.24 The resonant frequency of an antenna may be increased by:
shortening the radiating element
lengthening the radiating element
increasing the height of the radiating element
lowering the radiating element
% ans 1
%Question: 25
#27.25 Insulators are used at the end of suspended antenna wires to:
increase the effective antenna length
limit the electrical length of the antenna
make the antenna look more attractive
prevent any loss of radio waves by the antenna
% ans 2
%Question: 26
#27.26 To lower the resonant frequency of an antenna, the operator should:
lengthen the antenna
centre feed the antenna with TV ribbon
shorten the antenna
ground one end
% ans 1
%Question: 27
#27.27 A half-wave antenna is often called a:
bi-polar
Yagi
dipole
beam
% ans 3
%Question: 28
#27.28 The resonant frequency of a dipole antenna is mainly determined by:
its height above the ground
its length
the output power of the transmitter used
the length of the transmission line
% ans 2
%Question: 29
#27.29 A transmitting antenna for 28 MHz for mounting on the roof of a car
could be a:
vertical long wire
quarter wave vertical
horizontal dipole
full wave centre fed horizontal
% ans 2
%Question: 30
#27.30 A vertical antenna which uses a flat conductive surface at its base is
the:
vertical dipole
quarter wave ground plane
rhombic
long wire
% ans 2
%Question: 31
#27.31 The main characteristic of a vertical antenna is that it:
requires few insulators
is very sensitive to signals coming from horizontal aerials
receives signals from all points around it equally well
is easy to feed with TV ribbon feeder
% ans 3
%Question: 32
#27.32 At the ends of a half-wave dipole the:
voltage and current are both high
voltage is high and current is low
voltage and current are both low
voltage low and current is high
% ans 2
%Question: 33
#27.33 An antenna type commonly used on HF is the:
parabolic dish
cubical quad
13-element Yagi
helical Yagi
% ans 2
%Question: 34
#27.34 A Yagi antenna is said to have a power gain over a dipole antenna for
the same frequency band because:
it radiates more power than a dipole
more powerful transmitters can use it
it concentrates the radiation in one direction
it can be used for more than one band
% ans 3
%Question: 35
#27.35 The maximum radiation from a three element Yagi antenna is:
in the direction of the reflector end of the boom
in the direction of the director end of the boom
at right angles to the boom
parallel to the line of the coaxial feeder
% ans 2
%Question: 36
#27.36 The reflector and director(s) in a Yagi antenna are called:
oscillators
tuning stubs
parasitic elements
matching units
% ans 3
%Question: 37
#27.37 An isotropic antenna is a:
half wave reference dipole
infinitely long piece of wire
dummy load
hypothetical point source
% ans 4
%Question: 38
#27.38 The main reason why many VHF base and mobile antennas in amateur use are
5/8 of a wavelength long is that:
it is easy to match the antenna to the transmitter
it is a convenient length on VHF
the angle of radiation is high giving excellent local coverage
most of the energy is radiated at a low angle
% ans 4
%Question: 39
#27.39 A more important consideration when selecting an antenna for working
stations at great distances is:
sunspot activity
angle of radiation
impedance
bandwidth
% ans 2
%Question: 40
#27.40 On VHF and UHF bands, polarisation of the receiving antenna is important
in relation to the transmitting antenna, but on HF it is relatively unimportant
because:
the ionosphere can change the polarisation of the signal from moment to moment
the ground wave and the sky wave continually shift the polarisation
anomalies in the earth's magnetic field profoundly affect HF polarisation
improved selectivity in HF receivers makes changes in polarisation redundant
% ans 1

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% FILENAME = N28.TXT
% Propagation
% Release version 3, October 2001
%QUESTION 1
#28.1 A 'skip zone' is:
the distance between the antenna and where the refracted wave first
returns to earth
the distance between the far end of the ground wave and where the
refracted wave first returns to earth
the distance between any two refracted waves
a zone caused by lost sky waves
% ans 2
%QUESTION 2
#28.2 The medium which reflects high frequency radio waves back to the earth's
surface is called the:
biosphere
stratosphere
ionosphere
troposphere
% ans 3
%QUESTION 3
#28.3 The highest frequency that will be reflected back to the earth at any given time
is known as the:
UHF
MUF
OWF
LUF
% ans 2
%QUESTION 4
#28.4 All communications frequencies throughout the spectrum are affected in
varying degrees by the:
atmospheric conditions
ionosphere
aurora borealis
sun
% ans 4
%QUESTION 5
#28.5 Solar cycles have an average length of:
1 year
3 years
6 years
11 years
% ans 4
%QUESTION 6
#28.6 The 'skywave' is another name for the:
ionospheric wave
tropospheric wave
ground wave
inverted wave
% ans 1
%QUESTION 7
#28.7 The polarisation of an electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of:
the H field
propagation
the E field
the receiving antenna
% ans 3
%QUESTION 8
#28.8 That portion of HF radiation which is directly affected by the surface of the
earth is called:
ionospheric wave
local field wave
ground wave
inverted wave
% ans 3
%QUESTION 9
#28.9 Radio wave energy on frequencies below 4 MHz during daylight hours is
almost completely absorbed by this ionospheric layer:
C
D
E
F
% ans 2
%QUESTION 10
#28.10 Because of high absorption levels at frequencies below 4 MHz during daylight
hours, only high angle signals are normally reflected back by this layer:
C
D
E
F
% ans 3
%QUESTION 11
#28.11 Scattered patches of high ionisation developed seasonally at the height of one
of the layers is called:
sporadic-E
patchy
random reflectors
trans-equatorial ionisation
% ans 1
%QUESTION 12
#28.12 For long distance propagation, the radiation angle of energy from the antenna
should be:
less than 30 degrees
more than 30 degrees but less than forty-five
more than 45 degrees but less than ninety
90 degrees
% ans 1
%QUESTION 13
#28.13 The path radio waves normally follow from a transmitting antenna to a
receiving antenna at VHF and higher frequencies is a:
circular path going north or south from the transmitter
great circle path
straight line
bent path via the ionosphere
% ans 3
%QUESTION 14
#28.14 A radio wave may follow two or more different paths during propagation and
produce slowly-changing phase differences between signals at the receiver
resulting in a phenomenon called:
absorption
baffling
fading
skip
% ans 3
%QUESTION 15
#28.15 The distance from the far end of the ground wave to the nearest point where the sky wave
returns to the earth is called the:
skip distance
radiation distance
skip angle
skip zone
% ans 4
%QUESTION 16
#28.16 High Frequency long-distance propagation is most dependent on:
ionospheric reflection
tropospheric reflection
ground reflection
inverted reflection
% ans 1
%QUESTION 17
#28.17 The layer of the ionosphere mainly responsible for long distance
communication is:
C
D
E
F
% ans 4
%QUESTION 18
#28.18 The ionisation level of the ionosphere reaches its minimum:
just after sunset
just before sunrise
at noon
at midnight
% ans 2
%QUESTION 19
#28.19 One of the ionospheric layers splits into two parts during the day called:
A & B
D1 & D2
E1 & E2
F1 & F2
% ans 4
%QUESTION 20
#28.20 Signal fadeouts resulting from an 'ionospheric storm' or 'sudden ionospheric
disturbance' are usually attributed to:
heating of the ionised layers
over-use of the signal path
insufficient transmitted power
solar flare activity
% ans 4
%QUESTION 21
#28.21 The 80 metre band is useful for working:
in the summer at midday during high sunspot activity
long distance during daylight hours when absorption is not significant
all points on the earth's surface
up to several thousand kilometres in darkness but atmospheric and
man-made noises tend to be high
% ans 4
%QUESTION 22
#28.22 The skip distance of radio signals is determined by the:
type of transmitting antenna used
power fed to the final amplifier of the transmitter
only the angle of radiation from the antenna
both the height of the ionosphere and the angle of radiation from the
antenna
% ans 4
%QUESTION 23
#28.23 Three recognised layers of the ionosphere that affect radio propagation are:
A, E, F
B, D, E
C, E, F
D, E, F
% ans 4
%QUESTION 24
#28.24 Propagation on 80 metres during the summer daylight hours is limited to
relatively short distances because of
high absorption in the D layer
the disappearance of the E layer
poor refraction by the F layer
pollution in the T layer
% ans 1
%QUESTION 25
#28.25 The distance from the transmitter to the nearest point where the sky wave
returns to the earth is called the:
angle of radiation
maximum usable frequency
skip distance
skip zone
% ans 3
%QUESTION 26
#28.26 A variation in received signal strength caused by slowly changing differences
in path lengths is called:
absorption
fading
fluctuation
path loss
% ans 2
%QUESTION 27
#28.27 VHF and UHF bands are frequently used for satellite communication because:
waves at these frequencies travel to and from the satellite relatively
unaffected by the ionosphere
the Doppler frequency change caused by satellite motion is much less
than at HF
satellites move too fast for HF waves to follow
the Doppler effect would cause HF waves to be shifted into the VHF
and UHF bands.
% ans 1
%QUESTION 28
#28.28 The 'critical frequency' is defined as the:
highest frequency to which your transmitter can be tuned
lowest frequency which is reflected back to earth at vertical incidence
minimum usable frequency
highest frequency which will be reflected back to earth at vertical
incidence
% ans 4
%QUESTION 29
#28.29 The speed of a radio wave:
varies indirectly to the frequency
is the same as the speed of light
is infinite in space
is always less than half the speed of light
% ans 2
%QUESTION 30
#28.30 The MUF for a given radio path is the:
mean of the maximum and minimum usable frequencies
maximum usable frequency
minimum usable frequency
mandatory usable frequency
% ans 2
%QUESTION 31
#28.31 The position of the E layer in the ionosphere is:
above the F layer
below the F layer
below the D layer
sporadic
% ans 2
%QUESTION 32
#28.32 A distant amplitude-modulated station is heard quite loudly but the modulation
is at times severely distorted. A similar local station is not affected. The
probable cause of this is:
transmitter malfunction
selective fading
a sudden ionospheric disturbance
front end overload
% ans 2
%QUESTION 33
#28.33 Skip distance is a term associated with signals through the ionosphere. Skip
effects are due to:
reflection and refraction from the ionosphere
selective fading of local signals
high gain antennas being used
local cloud cover
% ans 1
%QUESTION 34
#28.34 The type of atmospheric layers which will best return signals to earth are:
oxidised layers
heavy cloud layers
ionised layers
sun spot layers
% ans 3
%QUESTION 35
#28.35 The ionosphere:
is a magnetised belt around the earth
consists of magnetised particles around the earth
is formed from layers of ionised gases around the earth
is a spherical belt of solar radiation around the earth
% ans 3
%QUESTION 36
#28.36 The skip distance of a sky wave will be greatest when the:
ionosphere is most densely ionised
signal given out is strongest
angle of radiation is smallest
polarisation is vertical
% ans 3
%QUESTION 37
#28.37 If the height of the reflecting layer of the ionosphere increases, the skip
distance of a high frequency transmission:
stays the same
decreases
varies regularly
becomes greater
% ans 4
%QUESTION 38
#28.38 If the frequency of a transmitted signal is so high that we no longer receive a
reflection from the ionosphere, the signal frequency is above the:
speed of light
sun spot frequency
skip distance
maximum usable frequency
% ans 4
%QUESTION 39
#28.39 A 'line of sight' transmission between two stations uses mainly the:
ionosphere
troposphere
sky wave
ground wave
% ans 4
%QUESTION 40
#28.40 The distance travelled by ground waves in air:
is the same for all frequencies
is less at higher frequencies
is more at higher frequencies
depends on the maximum usable frequency
% ans 2
%QUESTION 41
#28.41 The radio wave from the transmitter to the ionosphere and back to earth is
correctly known as the:
sky wave
skip wave
surface wave
F layer
% ans 1
%QUESTION 42
#28.42 Reception of high frequency radio waves beyond 4000 km normally occurs by
the:
ground wave
skip wave
surface wave
sky wave
% ans 4
%QUESTION 43
#28.43 A 28 MHz radio signal is more likely to be heard over great distances:
if the transmitter power is reduced
during daylight hours
only during the night
at full moon
% ans 2
%QUESTION 44
#28.44 The number of high frequency bands open to long distance communication at
any time depends on:
the highest frequency at which ionospheric reflection can occur
the number of frequencies the receiver can tune
the power being radiated by the transmitting station
the height of the transmitting antenna
% ans 1
%QUESTION 45
#28.45 Regular changes in the ionosphere occur approximately every 11:
days
months
years
centuries
% ans 3
%QUESTION 46
#28.46 When a HF transmitted radio signal reaches a receiver, small changes in the
ionosphere can cause:
consistently stronger signals
a change in the ground wave signal
variations in signal strength
consistently weaker signals
% ans 3
%QUESTION 47
#28.47 The usual effect of ionospheric storms is to:
increase the maximum usable frequency
cause a fade-out of sky-wave signals
produce extreme weather changes
prevent communications by ground wave
% ans 2
%QUESTION 48
#28.48 Changes in received signal strength when sky wave propagation is used are
called:
ground wave losses
modulation losses
fading
sunspots
% ans 3
%QUESTION 49
#28.49 Although high frequency signals may be received from a distant station by a
sky wave at a certain time, it may not be possible to hear them an hour later.
This may be due to:
changes in the ionosphere
shading of the earth by clouds
changes in atmospheric temperature
absorption of the ground wave signal
% ans 1
%QUESTION 50
#28.50 VHF or UHF signals transmitted towards a tall building are often received at a
more distant point in another direction because:
these waves are easily bent by the ionosphere
these waves are easily reflected by objects in their path
you can never tell in which direction a wave is travelling
tall buildings have elevators
% ans 2

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% FILENAME = N29.TXT
% Interference and Filtering
% Release version 4, June 2004
%QUESTION: 1
#29.1 Electromagnetic compatibility is:
two antennas facing each other
the ability of equipment to function satisfactorily in its own environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances
more than one relay solenoid operating simultaneously
the inability of equipment to function satisfactorily together and produce tolerable electromagnetic disturbances
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 2
#29.2 On an amateur receiver, unwanted signals are found at every 15.625 kHz. This is probably due to:
a low-frequency government station
a remote radar station
radiation from a nearby TV line oscillator
none of these
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 3
#29.3 Narrow-band interference can be caused by:
transmitter harmonics
a neon sign
a shaver motor
lightning flashes
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 4
#29.4 Which of the following is most likely to cause broad-band continuous interference:
an electric blanket switch
a refrigerator thermostat
a microwave transmitter
poor commutation in an electric motor
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 5
#29.5 If broadband noise interference varies when it rains, the most likely cause could be from:
underground power cables
outside overhead power lines
car ignitions
your antenna connection
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 6
#29.6 Before explaining to a neighbour that the reported interference is due to a lack of immunity in the neighbour's electronic equipment:
disconnect all your equipment from their power sources
write a letter to the MED
make sure that there is no interference on your own domestic equipment
ignore all complaints and take no action
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 7
#29.7 A neighbour's stereo system is suffering RF break-through. One possible cure is to:
put a ferrite bead on the transmitter output lead
put a capacitor across the transmitter output
use open-wire feeders to the antenna
use screened wire for the loudspeaker leads
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 8
#29.8 When living in a densely-populated area, it is wise to:
always use maximum transmitter output power
use the minimum transmitter output power necessary
only transmit during popular television programme times
point the beam at the maximum number of television antennas
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 9
#29.9 When someone in the neighbourhood complains of TVI it is wise to:
deny all responsibility
immediately blame the other equipment
inform all the other neighbours
check your log to see if it coincides with your transmissions
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 10
#29.10 Cross-modulation is usually caused by:
rectification of strong signals in overloaded stages
key-clicks generated at the transmitter
improper filtering in the transmitter
lack of receiver sensitivity and selectivity
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 11
#29.11 When the signal from a transmitter overloads the audio stages of a broadcast receiver, the transmitted signal:
can be heard irrespective of where the receiver is tuned
appears only when a broadcast station is received
is distorted on voice peaks
appears on only one frequency
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 12
#29.12 Cross-modulation of a broadcast receiver by a nearby transmitter would be noticed in the receiver as:
a lack of signals being received
the undesired signal in the background of the desired signal
interference only when a broadcast signal is received
distortion on transmitted voice peaks
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 13
#29.13 Unwanted signals from a radio transmitter which cause harmful interference to other users are known as:
rectified signals
re-radiation signals
reflected signals
harmonic and other spurious signals
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 14
#29.14 To reduce harmonic output from a transmitter, the following could be put in the transmission line as close to the
transmitter as possible:
wave trap
low-pass filter
high-pass filter
band reject filter
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 15
#29.15 To reduce energy from an HF transmitter getting into a television receiver, the following could be placed in the TV antenna lead as close to the TV as possible:
active filter
low-pass filter
high-pass filter
band reject filter
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 16
#29.16 A low-pass filter used to eliminate the radiation of unwanted signals is connected to the:
output of the balanced modulator
output of the amateur transmitter
input of the stereo system
input of the mixer stage of your SSB transmitter
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 17
#29.17 A band-pass filter will:
pass frequencies each side of a band
attenuate low frequencies but not high frequencies
attenuate frequencies each side of a band
attenuate high frequencies but not low frequencies
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 18
#29.18 A band-stop filter will:
pass frequencies each side of a band
stop frequencies each side of a band
only allow one spot frequency through
pass frequencies below 100 MHz
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 19
#29.19 A low-pass filter for a high frequency transmitter output would:
attenuate frequencies above 30 MHz
pass audio frequencies below 3 kHz
attenuate frequencies below 30 MHz
pass audio frequencies above 3 kHz
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 20
#29.20 Installing a low-pass filter between the transmitter and transmission line will:
permit higher frequency signals to pass to the antenna
ensure an SWR not exceeding 2:1
reduce the power output back to the legal maximum
permit lower frequency signals to pass to the antenna
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 21
#29.21 A low-pass filter may be used in an amateur radio installation:
to attenuate signals lower in frequency than the transmission
to attenuate signals higher in frequency than the transmission
to boost the output power of the lower frequency transmissions
to boost the power of higher frequency transmissions
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 22
#29.22 Television interference caused by harmonics radiated from an amateur transmitter could be eliminated by fitting:
a low-pass filter in the TV receiver antenna input
a high-pass filter in the transmitter output
a low-pass filter in the transmitter output
a band-pass filter to the speech amplifier
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 23
#29.23 A high-pass filter can be used to:
prevent interference to a telephone
prevent overmodulation in a transmitter
prevent interference to a TV receiver
pass a band of speech frequencies in a modulator
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 24
#29.24 A high-pass RF filter would normally be fitted:
between transmitter output and feedline
at the antenna terminals of a TV receiver
at the Morse key or keying relay in a transmitter
between microphone and speech amplifier
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 25
#29.25 A high-pass filter attenuates:
a band of frequencies in the VHF region
all except a band of VHF frequencies
high frequencies but not low frequencies
low frequencies but not high frequencies
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 26
#29.26 An operational amplifier connected as a filter always utilises:
positive feedback to reduce oscillation
negative feedback
random feedback
inductors and resistor circuits only
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 27
#29.27 The voltage gain of an operational amplifier at low frequencies is:
very high but purposely reduced using circuit components
very low but purposely increased using circuit components
less than one
undefined
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 28
#29.28 The input impedance of an operational amplifier is generally:
very high
very low
capacitive
inductive
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 29
#29.29 An active audio low-pass filter could be constructed using:
zener diodes and resistors
electrolytic capacitors and resistors
an operational amplifier, resistors and capacitors
a transformer and capacitors
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 30
#29.30 A filter used to attenuate a very narrow band of frequencies centred on 3.6 MHz would be called:
a band-pass filter
a high-pass filter
a low-pass filter
a notch filter
% ans 4

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% FILENAME = N3.TXT
% Electronics Fundamentals
% Release version 3, October 2001
% Question 3.7 replaced 9 Aug 2012
% Question: 1
#3.1 The element Silicon is:
a conductor
an insulator
a superconductor
a semiconductor
% ans 4
% Question: 2
#3.2 An element which falls somewhere between being an insulator and a conductor is called a:
P-type conductor
intrinsic conductor
semiconductor
N-type conductor
% ans 3
% Question: 3
#3.3 In an atom:
the protons and the neutrons orbit the nucleus in opposite directions
the protons orbit around the neutrons
the electrons orbit the nucleus
the electrons and the neutrons orbit the nucleus
% ans 3
% Question: 4
#3.4 An atom that loses an electron becomes:
a positive ion
an isotope
a negative ion
a radioactive atom
% ans 1
% Question: 5
#3.5 An electric current passing through a wire will produce around the conductor:
an electric field
a magnetic field
an electrostatic field
nothing
% ans 2
% Question: 6
#3.6 These magnetic poles repel:
unlike
like
positive
negative
% ans 2
% Question: 7
#3.7 A common use for a magnet is in:
A computer speaker
An optical mouse
A keyboard
A magnetic loop antenna
% ans 1
% Question: 8
#3.8 The better conductor of electricity is:
copper
carbon
silicon
aluminium
% ans 1
% Question: 9
#3.9 The term describing opposition to electron flow in a metallic circuit is:
current
voltage
resistance
power
% ans 3
% Question: 10
#3.10 The substance which will most readily allow an electric current to flow is:
an insulator
a conductor
a resistor
a dielectric
% ans 2
% Question: 11
#3.11 The plastic coating formed around wire is:
an insulator
a conductor
an inductor
a magnet
% ans 1
% Question: 12
#3.12 The following is a source of electrical energy:
p-channel FET
carbon resistor
germanium diode
lead acid battery
% ans 4
% Question: 13
#3.13 An important difference between a common torch battery and a lead acid battery is that only the lead acid battery:
has two terminals
contains an electrolyte
can be re-charged
can be effectively discharged
% ans 3
% Question: 14
#3.14 As temperature increases, the resistance of a metallic conductor:
increases
decreases
remains constant
becomes negative
% ans 1
% Question: 15
#3.15 In an n-type semiconductor, the current carriers are:
holes
electrons
positive ions
photons
% ans 2
% Question: 16
#3.16 In a p-type semiconductor, the current carriers are:
photons
electrons
positive ions
holes
% ans 4
% Question: 17
#3.17 An electrical insulator:
lets electricity flow through it in one direction
does not let electricity flow through it
lets electricity flow through it when light shines on it
lets electricity flow through it
% ans 2
% Question: 18
#3.18 Four good electrical insulators are:
plastic, rubber, wood, carbon
glass, wood, copper, porcelain
paper, glass, air, aluminium
glass, air, plastic, porcelain
% ans 4
% Question: 19
#3.19 Three good electrical conductors are:
copper, gold, mica
gold, silver, wood
gold, silver, aluminium
copper, aluminium, paper
% ans 3
% Question: 20
#3.20 The name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit is:
voltage
resistance
capacitance
current
% ans 4

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% FILENAME N30.TXT
% Digital Systems
% Release version 3, October 2001
% Q 9 modified 6 Mar 2012
%QUESTION: 1
#30.1 <img src = "digista.gif" align = right width = 352 height = 93>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the block diagram shown, the block designated "modem" is a:
modulator/demodulator
modulation emphasis unit
Morse demodulator
MOSFET de-emphasis unit
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 2
#30.2 <img src = "digista.gif" align = right width = 352 height = 93>
<extralines = 1 totallines = 6 >
In the block diagram shown, the "modem":
monitors the demodulated signals
de-emphasises the modulated data
translates digital signals to and from audio signals
determines the modulation protocol
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 3
#30.3 The following can be adapted for use as a modem:
an electronic keyer
a spare transceiver
a spare receiver
a computer sound-card
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 4
#30.4 The following are three digital communication modes:
DSBSC, PACTOR, NBFM
AGC, FSK, Clover
PSK31, AFC, PSSN
AMTOR, PACTOR, PSK31
% ans 4
%QUESTION: 5
#30.5 In digital communications, FSK stands for:
phase selection keying
final section keying
frequency shift keying
final signal keying
% ans 3
%QUESTION: 6
#30.6 In digital communications, BPSK stands for:
binary phase shift keying
baseband polarity shift keying
band pass selective keying
burst pulse signal keying
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 7
#30.7 When your HF digital transmission is received with errors due to multi-path
conditions, you should:
increase transmitter power
reduce transmitted baud rate
reduce transmitter power
change frequency slightly
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 8
#30.8 The letters BBS stand for:
binary baud system
bulletin board system
basic binary selector
broadcast band stopper
% ans 2
%QUESTION: 9
#30.9 APRS is an adaptation of packet radio. APRS stands for
Automatic Packet Reporting System
Amateur Position Reporting System
Automatic Packet Relay System
Amateur Position Relay System
% ans 1
%QUESTION: 10
#30.10 The following communication mode is generally used for connecting to a
VHF packet radio bulletin board:
SSB
AM
FM
DSB
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N4.TXT
% Measurement Units
% Release version 2, January 2000
%Question: 1
#4.1 The unit of impedance is the:
ampere
farad
henry
ohm
% ans 4
%Question: 2
#4.2 One kilohm is:
10 ohm
0.01 ohm
0.001 ohm
1000 ohm
% ans 4
%Question: 3
#4.3 One kilovolt is equal to:
10 volt
100 volt
1000 volt
10,000 volt
% ans 3
%Question: 4
#4.4 One quarter of one ampere may be written as:
250 microampere
0.5 ampere
0.25 milliampere
250 milliampere
% ans 4
%Question: 5
#4.5 The watt is the unit of:
power
magnetic flux
electromagnetic field strength
breakdown voltage
% ans 1
%Question: 6
#4.6 The voltage 'two volt' is also:
2000 mV
2000 kV
2000 uV
2000 MV
% ans 1
%Question: 7
#4.7 The unit for potential difference between two points in a circuit is the:
ampere
volt
ohm
coulomb
% ans 2
%Question: 8
#4.8 Impedance is a combination of:
reactance with reluctance
resistance with conductance
resistance with reactance
reactance with radiation
% ans 3
%Question: 9
#4.9 One mA is:
one millionth of one ampere
one thousandth of one ampere
one tenth of one ampere
one millionth of admittance
% ans 2
%Question: 10
#4.10 The unit of resistance is the:
farad
watt
ohm
resistor
% ans 3

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% FILENAME = N5.TXT
% Ohm's Law
Release version 3, October 2001
%Question: 1
#5.1 The voltage across a resistor carrying current can be calculated using the formula:
E = I + R [voltage equals current plus resistance]
E = I - R [voltage equals current minus resistance]
E = I x R [voltage equals current times resistance]
E = I / R [voltage equals current divided by resistance]
% ans 3
%Question: 2
#5.2 A 10 mA current is measured in a 500 ohm resistor. The voltage across the resistor will be:
5 volt
50 volt
500 volt
5000 volt
% ans 1
%Question: 3
#5.3 The value of a resistor to drop 100 volt with a current of 0.8 milliampere is:
125 ohm
125 kilohm
1250 ohm
1.25 kilohm
% ans 2
%Question: 4
#5.4 I = E/R is a mathematical equation describing:
Ohm's Law
Thevenin's Theorem
Kirchoff's First Law
Kirchoff's Second Law
% ans 1
%Question: 5
#5.5 The voltage to cause a current of 4.4 ampere in a 50 ohm resistance is:
2220 volt
220 volt
22.0 volt
0.222 volt
% ans 2
%Question: 6
#5.6 A current of 2 ampere flows through a 16 ohm resistance. The applied voltage is:
8 volt
14 volt
18 volt
32 volt
% ans 4
%Question: 7
#5.7 A current of 5 ampere in a 50 ohm resistance produces a potential difference of:
20 volt
45 volt
55 volt
250 volt
% ans 4
%Question: 8
#5.8 This voltage is needed to cause a current of 200 mA to flow in a lamp of 25 ohm resistance:
5 volt
8 volt
175 volt
225 volt
% ans 1
%Question: 9
#5.9 A current of 0.5 ampere flows through a resistance when 6 volt is applied. To change the
current to 0.25 ampere the voltage must be:
increased to 12 volt
reduced to 3 volt
held constant
reduced to zero
% ans 2
%Question: 10
#5.10 The current flowing through a resistor can be calculated by using the formula:
I = E x R [current equals voltage times resistance]
I = E / R [current equals voltage divided by resistance]
I = E + R [current equals voltage plus resistance]
I = E - R [current equals voltage minus resistance]
% ans 2
%Question: 11
#5.11 When an 8 ohm resistor is connected across a 12 volt supply the current flow is:
12 / 8 amps
8 / 12 amps
12 - 8 amps
12 + 8 amps
% ans 1
%Question: 12
#5.12 A circuit has a total resistance of 100 ohm and 50 volt is applied across it. The current flow will be:
50 mA
500 mA
2 ampere
20 ampere
% ans 2
%Question: 13
#5.13 The following formula gives the resistance of a circuit:
R = I / E [resistance equals current divided by voltage]
R = E x I [resistance equals voltage times current
R = E / R [resistance equals voltage divided by resistance]
R = E / I [resistance equals voltage divided by current]
% ans 4
%Question: 14
#5.14 A resistor with 10 volt applied across it and passing a current of 1 mA has a value of:
10 ohm
100 ohm
1 kilohm
10 kilohm
% ans 4
%Question: 15
#5.15 If a 3 volt battery causes 300 mA to flow in a circuit, the circuit resistance is:
10 ohm
9 ohm
5 ohm
3 ohm
% ans 1
%Question: 16
#5.16 A current of 0.5 ampere flows through a resistor when 12 volt is applied. The value of the resistor is:
6 ohms
12.5 ohms
17 ohms
24 ohms
% ans 4
%Question: 17
#5.17 The resistor which gives the greatest opposition to current flow is:
230 ohm
1.2 kilohm
1600 ohm
0.5 megohm
% ans 4
%Question: 18
#5.18 The ohm is the unit of:
supply voltage
electrical pressure
current flow
electrical resistance
% ans 4
%Question: 19
#5.19 If a 12 volt battery supplies 0.15 ampere to a circuit, the circuit's resistance is:
0.15 ohm
1.8 ohm
12 ohm
80 ohm
% ans 4
%Question: 20
#5.20 If a 4800 ohm resistor is connected to a 12 volt battery, the current flow is:
2.5 mA
25 mA
40 A
400 A
% ans 1

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% FILENAME = N6.TXT
% Resistance
% Release version 2, January 2000
%Question: 1
#6.1 The total resistance in a parallel circuit:
is always less than the smallest resistance
depends upon the voltage drop across each branch
could be equal to the resistance of one branch
depends upon the applied voltage
% ans 1
%Question: 2
#6.2 Two resistors are connected in parallel and are connected across a 40 volt battery. If each resistor is 1000 ohms, the total battery current is:
40 ampere
40 milliampere
80 ampere
80 milliampere
% ans 4
%Question: 3
#6.3 The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the:
current in any one of the parallel branches
sum of the currents through all the parallel branches
applied voltage divided by the value of one of the resistive elements
source voltage divided by the sum of the resistive elements
% ans 2
%Question: 4
#6.4 One way to operate a 3 volt bulb from a 9 volt supply is to connect it in:
series with the supply
parallel with the supply
series with a resistor
parallel with a resistor
% ans 3
%Question: 5
#6.5 You can operate this number of identical lamps, each drawing a current of 250 mA, from a 5A supply:
50
30
20
5
% ans 3
%Question: 6
#6.6 Six identical 2-volt bulbs are connected in series. The supply voltage to cause the bulbs to light normally is:
12 V
1.2 V
6 V
2 V
% ans 1
%Question: 7
#6.7 This many 12 volt bulbs can be arranged in series to form a string of lights to operate from a 240 volt power supply:
12 x 240
240 + 12
240 - 12
240 / 12
% ans 4
%Question: 8
#6.8 Three 10,000 ohm resistors are connected in series across a 90 volt supply. The voltage drop across one of the resistors is:
30 volt
60 volt
90 volt
15.8 volt
% ans 1
%Question: 9
#6.9 Two resistors are connected in parallel. R1 is 75 ohm and R2 is 50 ohm. The total resistance of this parallel circuit is:
10 ohm
70 ohm
30 ohm
40 ohm
% ans 3
%Question: 10
#6.10 A dry cell has an open circuit voltage of 1.5 volt. When supplying a large current the voltage drops to 1.2 volt. This is due to the cell's:
internal resistance
voltage capacity
electrolyte becoming dry
current capacity
% ans 1
%Question: 11
#6.11 A 6 ohm resistor is connected in parallel with a 30 ohm resistor. The total resistance of the combination is:
5 ohm
8 ohm
24 ohm
35 ohm
% ans 1
%Question: 12
#6.12 The total resistance of several resistors connected in series is:
less than the resistance of any one resistor
greater than the resistance of any one resistor
equal to the highest resistance present
equal to the lowest resistance present
% ans 2
%Question: 13
#6.13 Five 10 ohm resistors connected in series give a total resistance of:
1 ohm
5 ohms
10 ohms
50 ohms
% ans 4
%Question: 14
#6.14 Resistors of 10, 270, 3900, and 100 ohm are connected in series. The total resistance is:
9 ohm
3900 ohm
4280 ohm
10 ohm
% ans 3
%Question: 15
#6.15 This combination of series resistors could replace a single 120 ohm resistor:
five 24 ohm
six 22 ohm
two 62 ohm
five 100 ohm
% ans 1
%Question: 16
#6.16 If a 2.2 megohm and a 100 kilohm resistor are connected in series, the total resistance is:
2.1 megohm
2.11 megohm
2.21 megohm
2.3 megohm
% ans 4
%Question:17
#6.17 If ten resistors of equal value R are wired in parallel, the total resistance is:
R
10R
10/R
R/10
% ans 4
%Question: 18
#6.18 The total resistance of four 68 ohm resistors wired in parallel is:
12 ohm
17 ohm
34 ohm
272 ohm
% ans 2
%Question: 19
#6.19 Resistors of 68 ohm, 47 kilohm, 560 ohm and 10 ohm are connected in parallel. The total resistance is:
less than 10 ohm
between 68 and 560 ohm
between 560 and and 47 kilohm
greater than 47 kilohm
% ans 1
%Question: 20
#6.20 The following resistor combination can most nearly replace a single 150 ohm resistor:
four 47 ohm resistors in parallel
five 33 ohm resistors in parallel
three 47 ohm resistors in series
five 33 ohm resistors in series
% ans 3
%Question: 21
#6.21 Two 120 ohm resistors are arranged in parallel to replace a faulty resistor. The faulty resistor had an original value of:
15 ohm
30 ohm
60 ohm
120 ohm
% ans 3
%Question: 22
#6.22 Two resistors are in parallel. Resistor A carries twice the current of resistor B which means that:
A has half the resistance of B
B has half the resistance of A
the voltage across A is twice that across B
the voltage across B is twice that across A
% ans 1
%Question: 23
#6.23 The smallest resistance that can be made with five 1 k ohm resistors is:
50 ohm by arranging them in series
50 ohm by arranging them in parallel
200 ohm by arranging them in series
200 ohm by arranging them in parallel
% ans 4
%Question: 24
#6.24 The following combination of 28 ohm resistors has a total resistance of 42 ohm:
three resistors in series
three resistors in parallel
a combination of two resistors in parallel, then placed in series with another resistor
a combination of two resistors in parallel, then placed in series with another two in parallel
% ans 3
%Question: 25
#6.25 Two 100 ohm resistors connected in parallel are wired in series with a 10 ohm resistor. The total resistance of the combination is:
60 ohms
180 ohms
190 ohms
210 ohms
% ans 1
%Question: 26
#6.26 A 5 ohm and a 10 ohm resistor are wired in series and connected to a 15 volt power supply. The current flowing from the power supply is:
0.5 ampere
1 ampere
2 ampere
15 ampere
% ans 2
%Question: 27
#6.27 Three 12 ohm resistors are wired in parallel and connected to an 8 volt supply. The total current flow from the supply is:
1 ampere
2 amperes
3 amperes
4.5 amperes
% ans 2
%Question: 28
#6.28 Two 33 ohm resistors are connected in series with a power supply. If the current flowing is 100 mA, the voltage across one of the resistors is:
66 volt
33 volt
3.3 volt
1 volt
% ans 3
%Question: 29
#6.29 A simple transmitter requires a 50 ohm dummy load. You can fabricate this from:
four 300 ohm resistors in parallel
five 300 ohm resistors in parallel
six 300 ohm resistors in parallel
seven 300 ohm resistors in parallel
% ans 3
%Question: 30
#6.30 Three 500 ohm resistors are wired in series. Short-circuiting the centre resistor will change the value of the network from:
1500 ohm to 1000 ohm
500 ohm to 1000 ohm
1000 ohm to 500 ohm
1000 ohm to 1500 ohm
% ans 1

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% FILENAME = N7.TXT
% Power calculations
% Release 3, October 2001
%Question: 1
#7.1 A transmitter power amplifier requires 30 mA at 300 volt. The DC input power is:
300 watt
9000 watt
9 watt
6 watt
% ans 3
%Question: 2
#7.2 The DC input power of a transmitter operating at 12 volt and drawing 500 milliamp would be:
6 watt
12 watt
20 watt
500 watt
% ans 1
%Question: 3
#7.3 When two 500 ohm 1 watt resistors are connected in series, the maximum total power that can be dissipated by both resistors is:
4 watt
2 watt
1 watt
1/2 watt
% ans 2
%Question: 4
#7.4 When two 1000 ohm 5 watt resistors are connected in parallel, they can dissipate a maximum total power of:
40 watt
20 watt
10 watt
5 watt
% ans 3
%Question: 5
#7.5 The current in a 100 kilohm resistor is 10 mA. The power dissipated is:
1 watt
10 watt
100 watt
10,000 watt
% ans 2
%Question: 6
#7.6 A current of 500 milliamp passes through a 1000 ohm resistance. The power dissipated is:
0.25 watt
2.5 watt
25 watt
250 watt
% ans 4
%Question: 7
#7.7 A 20 ohm resistor carries a current of 0.25 ampere. The power dissipated is:
1.25 watt
5 watt
2.50 watt
10 watt
% ans 1
%Question: 8
#7.8 If 200 volt is applied to a 2000 ohm resistor, the resistor will dissipate:
20 watt
30 watt
10 watt
40 watt
% ans 1
%Question: 9
#7.9 The power delivered to an antenna is 500 watt. The effective antenna resistance is 20 ohm. The antenna current is:
25 amp
2.5 amp
10 amp
5 amp
% ans 4
%Question: 10
#7.10 The unit for power is the:
ohm
watt
ampere
volt
% ans 2
%Question: 11
#7.11 The following two quantities should be multiplied together to find power:
resistance and capacitance
voltage and current
voltage and inductance
inductance and capacitance
% ans 2
%Question: 12
#7.12 The following two electrical units multiplied together give the unit "watt":
volt and ampere
volt and farad
farad and henry
ampere and henry
% ans 1
%Question: 13
#7.13 The power dissipation of a resistor carrying a current of 10 mA with 10 volt across it is:
0.01 watt
0.1 watt
1 watt
10 watt
% ans 2
%Question: 14
#7.14 If two 10 ohm resistors are connected in series with a 10 volt battery, the battery load is:
5 watt
10 watt
20 watt
100 watt
% ans 1
%Question: 15
#7.15 Each of 9 resistors in a circuit is dissipating 4 watt. If the circuit operates from a 12 volt supply, the total current flowing in the circuit is:
48 ampere
36 ampere
9 ampere
3 ampere
% ans 4
%Question: 16
#7.16 Three 18 ohm resistors are connected in parallel across a 12 volt supply. The total power
dissipation of the resistor load is:
3 watt
18 watt
24 watt
36 watt
% ans 3
%Question: 17
#7.17 A resistor of 10 kilohm carries a current of 20 mA. The power dissipated in the resistor is:
2 watt
4 watt
20 watt
40 watt
% ans 2
%Question: 18
#7.18 A resistor in a circuit becomes very hot and starts to burn. This is because the resistor is dissipating too much:
current
voltage
resistance
power
% ans 4
%Question: 19
#7.19 A current of 10 ampere rms at a frequency of 50 Hz flows through a 100 ohm resistor. The
power dissipated is:
500 watt
707 watt
10,000 watt
50,000 watt
% ans 3
%Question: 20
#7.20 The voltage applied to two resistors in series is doubled. The total power dissipated will:
increase by four times
decrease to half
double
not change
% ans 1

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% FILENAME = N8.TXT
% Alternating Current
% Release version 2, January 2000
%Question: 1
#8.1 An 'alternating current' is so called because:
it reverses direction periodically
it travels through a circuit using alternate paths
its direction of travel is uncertain
its direction of travel can be altered by a switch
% ans 1
%Question: 2
#8.2 The time for one cycle of a 100 Hz signal is:
1 second
0.01 second
0.0001 second
10 seconds
% ans 2
%Question: 3
#8.3 A 50 hertz current in a wire means that:
a potential difference of 50 volts exists across the wire
the current flowing in the wire is 50 amperes
the power dissipated in the wire is 50 watts
a cycle is completed 50 times in each second
% ans 4
%Question: 4
#8.4 The current in an AC circuit completes a cycle in 0.1 second. So the frequency is:
1 Hz
10 Hz
100 Hz
1000 Hz
% ans 2
%Question: 5
#8.5 An impure signal is found to have 2 kHz and 4 kHz components. This 4 kHz signal is:
a fundamental of the 2 kHz signal
a sub-harmonic of 2 kHz
the DC component of the main signal
a harmonic of the 2 kHz signal
% ans 4
%Question: 6
#8.6 The correct name for the equivalent of 'one cycle per second' is one:
henry
volt
hertz
coulomb
% ans 3
%Question: 7
#8.7 One megahertz is equal to:
0.0001 Hz
100 kHz
1000 kHz
10 Hz
% ans 3
%Question: 8
#8.8 One GHz is equal to:
1000 kHz
10 MHz
100 MHz
1000 MHz
% ans 4
%Question: 9
#8.9 The 'rms value' of a sine-wave signal is:
half the peak voltage
1.414 times the peak voltage
the peak-to-peak voltage
0.707 times the peak voltage
% ans 4
%Question: 10
#8.10 A sine-wave alternating current of 10 ampere peak has an rms value of:
5 amp
7.07 amp
14.14 amp
20 amp
% ans 2

288
files/N9.TXT Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
% FILENAME = N9.TXTR
% Capacitors, Inductors, Resonance
% Release version 2, January 2000
% Q 3 deleted "radio" 6 Mar 2012. PDF is corrected already
%Question: 1
#9.1 The total capacitance of two or more capacitors in series is:
always less than that of the smallest capacitor
always greater than that of the largest capacitor
found by adding each of the capacitances together
found by adding the capacitances together and dividing by their total number
% ans 1
%Question: 2
#9.2 Filter capacitors in power supplies are sometimes connected in series to:
withstand a greater voltage than a single capacitor can withstand
increase the total capacity
reduce the ripple voltage further
resonate the filter circuit
% ans 1
%Question: 3
#9.3 A component is identified as a capacitor if its value is measured
in:
microvolts
millihenrys
megohms
microfarads
% ans 4
%Question: 4
#9.4 Two metal plates separated by air form a 0.001 uF capacitor. Its value may
be changed to 0.002 uF by:
bringing the metal plates closer together
making the plates smaller in size
moving the plates apart
touching the two plates together
% ans 1
%Question: 5
#9.5 The material separating the plates of a capacitor is the:
dielectric
semiconductor
resistor
lamination
% ans 1
%Question: 6
#9.6 Three 15 picofarad capacitors are wired in parallel. The value of the
combination is:
45 picofarad
18 picofarad
12 picofarad
5 picofarad
% ans 1
%Question: 7
#9.7 Capacitors and inductors oppose an alternating current. This is known as:
resistance
resonance
conductance
reactance
% ans 4
%Question: 8
#9.8 The reactance of a capacitor increases as the:
frequency increases
frequency decreases
applied voltage increases
applied voltage decreases
% ans 2
%Question: 9
#9.9 The reactance of an inductor increases as the:
frequency increases
frequency decreases
applied voltage increases
applied voltage decreases
% ans 1
%Question: 10
#9.10 Increasing the number of turns on an inductor will make its inductance:
decrease
increase
remain unchanged
become resistive
% ans 2
%Question: 11
#9.11 The unit of inductance is the:
farad
henry
ohm
reactance
% ans 2
%Question: 12
#9.12 Two 20 uH inductances are connected in series. The total inductance is:
10 uH
20 uH
40 uH
80 uH
% ans 3
%Question: 13
#9.13 Two 20 uH inductances are connected in parallel. The total inductance is:
10 uH
20 uH
40 uH
80 uH
% ans 1
%Question: 14
#9.14 A toroidal inductor is one in which the:
windings are wound on a closed ring of magnetic material
windings are air-spaced
windings are wound on a ferrite rod
inductor is enclosed in a magnetic shield
% ans 1
%Question: 15
#9.15 A transformer with 100 turns on the primary winding and 10 turns on the
secondary winding is connected to 230 volt AC mains. The voltage across the
secondary is:
10 volt
23 volt
110 volt
2300 volt
% ans 2
%Question: 16
#9.16 An inductor and a capacitor are connected in series. At the resonant
frequency the resulting impedance is:
maximum
minimum
totally reactive
totally inductive
% ans 2
%Question: 17
#9.17 An inductor and a capacitor are connected in parallel. At the resonant
frequency the resulting impedance is:
maximum
minimum
totally reactive
totally inductive
% ans 1
%Question: 18
#9.18 An inductor and a capacitor form a resonant circuit. The capacitor value
is increased by four times. The resonant frequency will:
increase by four times
double
decrease to half
decrease to one quarter
% ans 3
%Question: 19
#9.19 An inductor and a capacitor form a resonant circuit. If the value of the
inductor is decreased by a factor of four, the resonant frequency will:
increase by a factor of four
increase by a factor of two
decrease by a factor of two
decrease by a factor of four
% ans 2
%Question: 20
#9.20 A "high Q" resonant circuit is one which:
carries a high quiescent current
is highly selective
has a wide bandwidth
uses a high value inductance
% ans 2

70
insert.php
View File

@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
<?php
require_once("includes/include.php");
if (isset($_REQUEST['raw'])) {
$files = glob("files/*");
foreach($files as $file) {
$fileOpen = file_get_contents($file);
$fileOpen = implode("\n", array_slice(explode("\n", $fileOpen), 6));
$fileOpen = substr($fileOpen, 1);
$questions = [];
$data = explode("%", $_REQUEST['raw']);
$data = explode("%", $fileOpen);
$data = array_map('trim', $data);
foreach($data as $i=>$d) {
if(empty($d)) continue;
foreach ($data as $i => $d) {
if (empty($d)) continue;
if (strpos(strtolower($d), 'question') !== false) {
$fullQuestion = substr(preg_replace('/^.+\n/', '', $d),1); //Strip useless firstline.
$fullQuestion = substr(preg_replace('/^.+\n/', '', $d), 1); //Strip useless firstline.
$numbers = explode(" ", $fullQuestion);
$questions[$i]['questionNumber'] = $numbers[0]; // Get # of question
$lengthOfNumber = strlen($questions[$i]['questionNumber']); //Get length of #
$splitNewLine = explode("\n", trim($fullQuestion)); //Split rest into lines.
$twoLineQuestion = $imageFirstLine = false;
$twoLineQuestion = $imageFirstLine = $threeLineQuestion = false;
if (strpos(strtolower($splitNewLine[0]), '<img') !== false) {
preg_match('/".*?"/', $splitNewLine[0], $matches);
$questions[$i]['image'] = strtoupper($matches[0]);
$imageFirstLine = true;
}
if ($imageFirstLine) {
if (strpos($splitNewLine[1], ':') !== false || !empty(trim($splitNewLine[2]))) {
$twoLineQuestion = true;
}
@ -29,20 +31,31 @@ if (isset($_REQUEST['raw'])) {
. $splitNewLine[2] : $firstLine), $lengthOfNumber));
} else {
if (strpos($splitNewLine[0], ':') !== false || !empty(trim($splitNewLine[1]))) {
if (strpos($splitNewLine[0], ':') !== false) {
$twoLineQuestion = true;
if (strpos(strtolower($splitNewLine[1]), '<img') !== false) {
$twoLineQuestion = false;
preg_match('/".*?"/', $splitNewLine[1], $matches);
$questions[$i]['image'] = strtoupper($matches[0]);
}
} elseif (!empty(trim($splitNewLine[2]))) {
$threeLineQuestion = true;
}
}
$questions[$i]['question'] = trim(substr(($twoLineQuestion ? $splitNewLine[0] . " "
. $splitNewLine[1] : $splitNewLine[0]), $lengthOfNumber));
}
$x=$b=1;
foreach ($splitNewLine as $a=>$line) {
if($a==0) continue;
if(($twoLineQuestion || $imageFirstLine) && $a==1) continue;
if($twoLineQuestion && $imageFirstLine && $a==2) continue;
if(empty(trim($line))) continue;
if(strpos(strtolower($line), 'totallines') !== false) continue;
$x = $b = 1;
foreach ($splitNewLine as $a => $line) {
//Don't ask what this witchcraft is.
if ($a == 0) continue;
if (($twoLineQuestion || $imageFirstLine) && $a == 1) continue;
if ($threeLineQuestion || ($twoLineQuestion && $imageFirstLine) && $a == 2) continue;
if ($imageFirstLine && $threeLineQuestion && $a == 3) continue;
if (empty(trim($line))) continue;
if (strpos(strtolower($line), 'totallines') !== false) continue;
if(strpos(strtolower($line), '<img') !== false) {
if (strpos(strtolower($line), '<img') !== false) {
preg_match('/".*?"/', $line, $matches);
$questions[$i]['image'] = strtoupper($matches[0]);
continue;
@ -50,34 +63,33 @@ if (isset($_REQUEST['raw'])) {
$questions[$i]['answers'][$b] = trim($line);
$b++;
}
} elseif (strpos($d, 'ans ') !== false) {
$questions[$i-1]['correctAnswer'] = substr($d, 3);
} elseif (strpos(strtolower($d), 'ans ') !== false) {
$questions[$i - 1]['correctAnswer'] = substr($d, 3);
}
}
$i = $b = $d = $a = 0; //Clear the useless stuff from above.
if(isset($_REQUEST['insert']) && $_REQUEST['insert'] == 1 && count($questions)) {
if (isset($_REQUEST['insert']) && $_REQUEST['insert'] == 1 && count($questions)) {
$count = 0;
foreach($questions as $q) {
foreach ($questions as $q) {
$db = new db();
$db->query("INSERT INTO question(question_time, questiondata_number, questiondata_content, questiondata_image)
VALUES(:qTime, :qNumber, :qContent, :qImage)");
$db->bind("qTime",time());
$db->bind("qNumber", $q['questionNumber']?:0);
$db->bind("qContent",$q['question']);
$db->bind("qImage",$q['image']?:"");
$db->bind("qTime", time());
$db->bind("qNumber", $q['questionNumber'] ?: 0);
$db->bind("qContent", $q['question']);
$db->bind("qImage", $q['image'] ?: "");
$db->execute();
$lastRow = $db->lastInsertId();
$db->kill(); //IS THIS EVEN NEEDED?
$row = 1;
foreach($q['answers'] as $a) {
foreach ($q['answers'] as $a) {
$db = new db();
$db->query("INSERT INTO answer(answer_time, answerdata_content, answerdata_question, answerdata_correct)
VALUES(:aTime, :aContent, :aQuestion, :aCorrect)");
$db->bind("aTime", time());
$db->bind("aContent", $a);
$db->bind("aQuestion", $lastRow);
$db->bind("aCorrect",($q['correctAnswer']==$row?"1":"0"));
$db->bind("aCorrect", ($q['correctAnswer'] == $row ? "1" : "0"));
$db->execute();
$db->kill();
$row++;
@ -85,7 +97,7 @@ if (isset($_REQUEST['raw'])) {
$db = null;
}
echo "Inserted ".$count." questions.";
echo "Inserted " . $count . " questions.";
} else {
var_dump($questions);
}