diff --git a/files/N1.TXT b/files/N1.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba6d91b --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N1.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,917 @@ +% FILENAME = N1.TXT +% Regulations +% Release version 4, October 2006 +% Q44 modified 6 March 2012 +% further mods 6 September 2012 + +%Question: 1 +#1.1 The Amateur Service may be briefly defined as: + +a private radio service for personal gain and public benefit + +a public radio service used for public service communications + +a radiocommunication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigation + +a private radio service intended only for emergency communications + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 2 +#1.2 The organisation responsible for the International Radio Regulations is the: + +European Radiocommunications Office + +United Nations + +International Telecommunication Union + +European Telecommunication Standards Institute + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 3 +#1.3 New Zealand's views on international radio regulatory matters are coordinated by the: + +New Zealand Association of Radio Transmitters (NZART) + +Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment + +International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) + +Prime Minister's Office + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 4 +#1.4 For regulatory purposes the world is divided into regions each with different radio spectrum allocations. New Zealand is in: + +Region 1 + +Region 2 + +Region 3 + +Region 4 + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 5 +#1.5 The prime document for the administration of the Amateur Service in New Zealand is the: + +New Zealand Radiocommunications Regulations + +Broadcasting Act + +Radio Amateur's Handbook + +minutes of the International Telecommunication Union meetings + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 6 +#1.6 The administration of the Amateur Service in New Zealand is by: + +Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Radio Spectrum Management Group + +the Area Code administrators of New Zealand Post + +the Radio Communications Division of the Ministry of Police + +your local council public relations section + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 7 +#1.7 An Amateur Station is a station: + +in the public radio service + +using radiocommunications for a commercial purpose + +using equipment for training new radiocommunications operators + +in the Amateur Service + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 8 +#1.8 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency can be inspected by an authorised officer from the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment: + +at any time + +on any business day + +before 9 p.m. + +only on public holidays + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 9 +#1.9 The fundamental regulations controlling the Amateur Service are to be found in: + +the International Radio Regulations from the ITU + +the Radio Amateur's Handbook + +the NZART Callbook + +on the packet radio bulletin-board + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 10 +#1.10 You must have a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency to: + +transmit on public-service frequencies + +retransmit shortwave broadcasts + +repair radio equipment + +transmit in bands allocated to the Amateur Service + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 11 +#1.11 A New Zealand General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency allows you to operate: + +anywhere in the world + +anywhere in New Zealand and in any other country that recognises the Certificate + +within 50 km of your home station location + +only at your home address + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 12 +#1.12 With a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency you may operate transmitters in your station: + +one at a time + +one at a time, except for emergency communications + +any number at one time + +any number, so long as they are transmitting on different bands + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 13 +#1.13 You must keep the following document at your amateur station: + +your General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency + +a copy of the Rules and Regulations for the Amateur Service + +a copy of the Radio Amateur's Handbook for instant reference + +a chart showing the amateur radio bands + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 14 +#1.14 An Amateur Station is one which is: + +operated by the holder of a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency on the amateur radio bands + +owned and operated by a person who is not engaged professionally in radio communications + +used exclusively to provide two-way communication in connection with activities of amateur sporting organisations + +used primarily for emergency communications during floods, earthquakes and similar disasters. + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 15 +#1.15 If the qualified operator of an amateur radio station is absent overseas, the home station may be used by: + +any member of the immediate family to maintain contact with only the qualified operator + +any person with an appropriate General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency + +the immediate family to communicate with any amateur radio operator + +the immediate family if a separate callsign for mobile use has been obtained by the absent operator + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 16 +#1.16 All amateur stations, regardless of the mode of transmission used, must be equipped with: + +a reliable means for determining the operating radio frequency + +a dummy antenna + +an overmodulation indicating device + +a dc power meter + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 17 +#1.17 An amateur station may transmit unidentified signals: + +when making a brief test not intended for reception by anyone else + +when conducted on a clear frequency when no interference will be caused + +when the meaning of transmitted information must be obscured to preserve secrecy + +never, such transmissions are not permitted + +% ans 4 + + +%Question: 18 +#1.18 You may operate your amateur radio station somewhere in New Zealand for short periods away from the location entered in the administration's database: + +only during times of emergency + +only after giving proper notice to the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment + +during an approved emergency practice + +whenever you want to + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 19 +#1.19 Before operating an amateur station in a motor vehicle, you must: + +give the Land Transport Authority the vehicle's licence plate number + +inform the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment + +hold a current General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency + +obtain an additional callsign + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 20 +#1.20 An applicant for a New Zealand General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency must first qualify by meeting the appropriate examination requirements. Application may then be made by: + +anyone except a representative of a foreign government + +only a citizen of New Zealand + +anyone except an employee of the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment + +anyone + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 21 +#1.21 An amateur radio operator must have current New Zealand postal and email addresses so the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment: + +has a record of the location of each amateur station + +can refund overpaid fees + +can publish a callsign directory + +can send mail to the operator + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 22 +#1.22 If you transmit from another amateur's station, the person responsible for its proper operation is: + +both of you + +the other amateur (the station’s owner) + +you, the operator + +the station owner, unless the station records show that you were the operator at the time + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 23 +#1.23 Your responsibility as a station operator is that you must: + +allow another amateur to operate your station upon request + +be present whenever the station is operated + +be responsible for the proper operation of the station in accordance with the Radiocommunications Regulations + +notify the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment if another amateur acts as the operator + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 24 +#1.24 An amateur station must have a qualified operator: + +only when training another amateur + +whenever the station receiver is operated + +whenever the station is used for transmitting + +when transmitting and receiving + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 25 +#1.25 A log-book for recording stations worked: + +is compulsory for every amateur radio operator + +is recommended for all amateur radio operators + +must list all messages sent + +must record time in UTC + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 26 +#1.26 Unqualified persons in your family cannot transmit using your amateur station if they are alone with your equipment because they must: + +not use your equipment without your permission + +hold a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency before they are allowed to be operators + +first know how to use the right abbreviations and Q signals + +first know the right frequencies and emissions for transmitting + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 27 +#1.27 Amateur radio repeater equipment and frequencies in New Zealand are co-ordinated by: + +the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment + +NZART branches in the main cities + +repeater trustees + +the NZART Frequency Management and Technical Advisory Group. + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 28 +#1.28 A qualified operator of an amateur radio station may permit anyone to: + +operate the station under direct supervision + +send business traffic to any other station. + +pass brief comments of a personal nature provided no fees or other considerations are requested or accepted + +use the station for Morse sending practice + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 29 +#1.29 The minimum age for a person to hold a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency is: + +12 years + +16 years + +21 years + +there is no age limit + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 30 +#1.30 If you contact another station and your signal is strong and perfectly readable, you should: + +turn on your speech processor + +reduce your SWR + +not make any changes, otherwise you may lose contact + +reduce your transmitter power output to the minimum needed to maintain contact + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 31 +#1.31 The age when an amateur radio operator is required to surrender the General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency is: + +65 years + +70 years + +75 years + +there is no age limit + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 32 +#1.32 Peak envelope power (PEP) output is the: + +average power output at the crest of the modulating cycle + +total power contained in each sideband + +carrier power output + +transmitter power output on key-up condition + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 33 +#1.33 The maximum power output permitted from an amateur station is: + +that needed to overcome interference from other stations + +30 watt PEP + +specified in the amateur radio General User Radio Licence + +1000 watt mean power or 2000 watt PEP + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 34 +#1.34 The transmitter power output for amateur stations at all times is: + +25 watt PEP minimum output + +that needed to overcome interference from other stations + +1000 watt PEP maximum + +the minimum power necessary to communicate and within the terms of the amateur radio GURL + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 35 +#1.35 You identify your amateur station by transmitting your: + +"handle" + +callsign + +first name and your location + +full name + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 36 +#1.36 This callsign could be allocated to an amateur radio operator in New Zealand: + +ZK-CKF + +ZLC5 + +ZL2HF + +ZMX4432 + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 37 +#1.37 The callsign of a New Zealand amateur radio station: + +is listed in the administration's database + +can be any sequence of characters made-up by the operator + +can never be changed + +is changed annually + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 38 +#1.38 These letters are generally used for the first letters in New Zealand amateur radio callsigns: + +ZS + +ZL + +VK + +LZ + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 39 +#1.39 The figures normally used in New Zealand amateur radio callsigns are: + +any two-digit number, 45 through 99 + +any two-digit number, 22 through 44 + +a single digit, 5 through 9 + +a single digit, 1 through 4 + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 40 +#1.40 Before re-issuing, a relinquished callsign is normally kept for: + +1 year + +2 years + +0 years + +5 years + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 41 +#1.41 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency authorises the use of: + +all amateur radio transmitting and receiving apparatus + +a TV receiver + +amateur radio transmitting apparatus only + +marine mobile equipment + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 42 +#1.42 General Amateur Operator Certificates of Competency and callsigns are issued pursuant to the Regulations by the: + +New Zealand Association of Radio Transmitters (NZART) + +Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Approved Radio Examiners + +Department of Internal Affairs + +Prime Minister's Office + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 43 +#1.43 To replace a written copy of your General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency you should: + +Apply to an Approved Radio Examiner to re-sit the examination + +Download an application form from the Department of Internal Affairs website + +Download an application form from the Ministry's website (or have an Approved Radio Examiner do this for you) + +Download and print one from the official database (or have an Approved Radio Examiner do this for you) + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 44 +#1.44 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency holder must advise permanent changes to postal and email addresses and update the official database records within: + +One Calendar month + +7 days + +10 days + +one year + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 45 +#1.45 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency: + +expires after 6 months + +contains the unique callsign(s) to be used by that operator + +is transferable + +permits the transmission of radio waves + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 46 +#1.46 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency is normally issued for: + +1 year + +5 years + +10 years + +life + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 47 +#1.47 A licence that provides for a given class of radio transmitter to be used without requiring a licence in the owner’s own name is known as: + +a repeater licence + +a general user radio licence + +a beacon licence + +a reciprocal licence + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 48 +#1.48 The holder of a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency may permit anyone to: + +use an amateur radio station to communicate with other radio amateurs + +pass brief messages of a personal nature provided no fees or other consideration are requested or accepted + +operate the amateur station under the supervision and in the presence of a qualified operator + +take part in communications only if prior written permission is received from the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 49 +#1.49 International communications on behalf of third parties may be transmitted by an amateur station only if: + +prior remuneration has been received + +such communications have been authorised by the countries concerned + +the communication is transmitted in secret code + +English is used to identify the station at the end of each transmission + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 50 +#1.50 The term "amateur third party communications" refers to: + +a simultaneous communication between three operators + +the transmission of commercial or secret messages + +messages to or on behalf of non-licensed people or organisations + +none of the above + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 51 +#1.51 The Morse code signal SOS is sent by a station: + +with an urgent message + +in grave and imminent danger and requiring immediate assistance + +making a report about a shipping hazard + +sending important weather information + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 52 +#1.52 If you hear distress traffic and are unable to render assistance, you should: + +maintain watch until you are certain that assistance is forthcoming + +enter the details in the log book and take no further action + +take no action + +tell all other stations to cease transmitting + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 53 +#1.53 The transmission of messages in a secret code by the operator of an amateur station is: + +permitted when communications are transmitted on behalf of a government agency + +permitted when communications are transmitted on behalf of third parties + +permitted during amateur radio contests + +not permitted except for control signals by the licensees of remote beacon or repeater stations + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 54 +#1.54 Messages from an amateur station in one of the following are expressly forbidden: + +ASCII + +International No. 2 code + +Baudot code + +secret cipher + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 55 +#1.55 The term "harmful interference" means: + +interference which obstructs or repeatedly interrupts radiocommunication services + +an antenna system which accidentally falls on to a neighbour's property + +a receiver with the audio volume unacceptably loud + +interference caused by a station of a secondary service + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 56 +#1.56 When interference to the reception of radiocommunications is caused by the operation of an amateur station, the station operator: + +must immediately comply with any action required by the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment to prevent the interference + +may continue to operate with steps taken to reduce the interference when the station operator can afford it + +may continue to operate without restrictions + +is not obligated to take any action + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 57 +#1.57 An amateur radio operator may knowingly interfere with another radio communication or signal: + +when the operator of another station is acting in an illegal manner + +when another station begins transmitting on a frequency you already occupy + +never + +when the interference is unavoidable because of crowded band conditions + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 58 +#1.58 After qualifying and gaining a General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency you are permitted to: + +operate on any frequency in the entire radio spectrum + +first operate for three months on amateur radio bands below 5 MHz and bands above 25 MHz to log fifty or more contacts + +ignore published bandplans + +make frequent tune-up transmissions at 10 MHz + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 59 +#1.59 Morse code is permitted for use by: + +only operators who have passed a Morse code test + +those stations with computers to decode it + +any amateur radio operator + +only those stations equipped for headphone reception + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 60 +#1.60 As a New Zealand amateur radio operator you may communicate with: + +only amateur stations within New Zealand + +only stations running more than 500w PEP output + +only stations using the same transmission mode + +other amateur stations world-wide + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 61 +#1.61 As a New Zealand amateur radio operator you: + +must regularly operate using dry batteries + +should use shortened antennas + +may train for and support disaster relief activities + +must always have solar-powered equipment in reserve + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 62 +#1.62 Your General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency permits you to: + +work citizen band stations + +establish and operate an earth station in the amateur satellite service + +service commercial radio equipment over 1 kW output + +re-wire fixed household electrical supply mains + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 63 +#1.63 You hear a station using the callsign “VK3XYZ stroke ZL” on your local VHF repeater. This is: + +a callsign not authorised for use in New Zealand + +a confused illegal operator + +the station of an overseas visitor + +probably an unlicensed person using stolen equipment + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 64 +#1.64 The abbreviation “HF” refers to the radio spectrum between: + +2 MHz and 10 MHz + +3 MHz and 30 MHz + +20 MHz and 200 MHz + +30 MHz and 300 MHz + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 65 +#1.65 Bandplans showing the transmission modes for New Zealand amateur radio bands are developed and published for the mutual respect and advantage of all operators: + +to ensure that your operations do not impose problems on other operators and that their operations do not impact on you + +to keep experimental developments contained + +to reduce the number of modes in any one band + +to keep overseas stations separate from local stations + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 66 +#1.66 The abbreviation “VHF” refers to the radio spectrum between: + +2 MHz and 10 MHz + +3 MHz and 30 MHz + +30 MHz and 300 MHz + +200 MHz and 2000 MHz + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 67 +#1.67 An amateur radio operator must be able to: + +converse in the languages shown on the Certificate of Competency + +read Morse code at 12 words-per-minute + +monitor standard frequency transmissions + +verify that transmissions are within an authorised frequency band + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 68 +#1.68 An amateur station may be closed down at any time by: + +a demand from an irate neighbour experiencing television interference + +a demand from an authorised official of the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment + +an official from your local council + +anyone until your aerials are made less unsightly + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 69 +#1.69 A General Amateur Operator Certificate of Competency: + +can never be revoked + +gives a waiver over copyright + +does not confer on its holder a monopoly on the use of any frequency or band + +can be readily transferred + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 70 +#1.70 A person in distress: + +must use correct communication procedures + +may use any means available to attract attention + +must give position with a grid reference + +must use allocated safety frequencies + +% ans 2 + diff --git a/files/N10.TXT b/files/N10.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5e1238 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N10.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +% FILENAME = N10.TXT +% Safety +% Release version 2, January 2000 + +%Question: 1 +#10.1 You can safely remove an unconscious person from contact with a high +voltage source by: + +pulling an arm or a leg + +wrapping the person in a blanket and pulling to a safe area + +calling an electrician + +turning off the high voltage and then removing the person + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 2 +#10.2 For your safety, before checking a fault in a mains operated power supply +unit, first: + +short the leads of the filter capacitor + +turn off the power and remove the power plug + +check the action of the capacitor bleeder resistance + +remove and check the fuse in the power supply + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 3 +#10.3 Wires carrying high voltages in a transmitter should be well insulated to +avoid: + +short circuits + +overheating + +over modulation + +SWR effects + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 4 +#10.4 A residual current device is recommended for protection in a mains power +circuit because it: + +reduces electrical interference from the circuit + +removes power to the circuit when the phase and neutral currents are not equal + +removes power to the circuit when the current in the phase wire equals the +current in the earth wire + +limits the power provided to the circuit + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 5 +#10.5 An earth wire should be connected to the metal chassis of a +mains-operated power supply to ensure that if a fault develops, the chassis: + +does not develop a high voltage with respect to earth + +does not develop a high voltage with respect to the phase lead + +becomes a conductor to bleed away static charge + +provides a path to ground in case of lightning strikes + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 6 +#10.6 The purpose of using three wires in the mains power cord and plug on +amateur radio equipment is to: + +make it inconvenient to use + +prevent the chassis from becoming live in case of an internal short to the +chassis + +prevent the plug from being reversed in the wall outlet + +prevent short circuits + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 7 +#10.7 The correct colour coding for the phase wire in a flexible mains lead is: + +brown + +blue + +yellow and green + +white + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 8 +#10.8 The correct colour coding for the neutral wire in a flexible mains lead +is: + +brown + +blue + +yellow and green + +white + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 9 +#10.9 The correct colour coding for the earth wire in a flexible mains lead is: + +brown + +blue + +yellow and green + +white + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 10 +#10.10 An isolating transformer is used to: + +ensure that faulty equipment connected to it will blow a fuse in the +distribution board + +ensure that no voltage is developed between either output lead and ground + +ensure that no voltage is developed between the output leads + +step down the mains voltage to a safe value + +% ans 2 + + diff --git a/files/N11.TXT b/files/N11.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e34b74f --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N11.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +% FILENAME = N11.TXT +% Semiconductors +% Release version 2, January 2000 +% Q 11 modified 6 Mar 2012 + +%Question: 1 +#11.1 The basic semiconductor amplifying device is a: + +diode + +transistor + +pn-junction + +silicon gate + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 2 +#11.2 Zener diodes are normally used as: + +RF detectors + +AF detectors + +current regulators + +voltage regulators + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 3 +#11.3 The voltage drop across a germanium signal diode when conducting is +about: + +0.3V + +0.6V + +0.7V + +1.3V + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 4 +#11.4 A bipolar transistor has three terminals named: + +base, emitter and drain + +collector, base and source + +emitter, base and collector + +drain, source and gate + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 5 +#11.5 The three leads from a PNP transistor are named the: + +collector, source, drain + +gate, source, drain + +drain, base, source + +collector, emitter, base + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 6 +#11.6 A low-level signal is applied to a transistor circuit input and a +higher-level signal is present at the output. This effect is known as: + +amplification + +detection + +modulation + +rectification + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 7 +#11.7 The type of rectifier diode in almost exclusive use in power supplies is: + +lithium + +germanium + +silicon + +copper-oxide + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 8 +#11.8 One important application for diodes is recovering information from +transmitted signals. This is referred to as: + +biasing + +rejuvenation + +ionisation + +demodulation + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 9 +#11.9 In a forward biased pn junction, the electrons: + +flow from p to n + +flow from n to p + +remain in the n region + +remain in the p region + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 10 +#11.10 The following material is considered to be a semiconductor: + +copper + +sulphur + +silicon + +tantalum + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 11 +#11.11 A varactor diode acts like a variable: + +resistor + +voltage regulator + +capacitor + +inductor + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 12 +#11.12 A semiconductor is said to be doped when small quantities of the +following are added: + +electrons + +protons + +ions + +impurities + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 13 +#11.13 The connections to a semiconductor diode are known as: + +cathode and drain + +anode and cathode + +gate and source + +collector and base + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 14 +#11.14 Bipolar transistors usually have: + +4 connecting leads + +3 connecting leads + +2 connecting leads + +1 connecting lead + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 15 +#11.15 A semiconductor is described as a "general purpose audio NPN device". +This is a: + +triode + +silicon diode + +bipolar transistor + +field effect transistor + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 16 +#11.16 Two basic types of bipolar transistors are: + +p-channel and n-channel types + +NPN and PNP types + +diode and triode types + +varicap and zener types + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 17 +#11.17 A transistor can be destroyed in a circuit by: + +excessive light + +excessive heat + +saturation + +cut-off + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 18 +#11.18 To bias a transistor to cut-off, the base must be: + +at the collector potential + +at the emitter potential + +mid-way between collector and emitter potentials + +mid-way between the collector and the supply potentials + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 19 +#11.19 Two basic types of field effect transistors are: + +n-channel and p-channel + +NPN and PNP + +germanium and silicon + +inductive and capacitive + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 20 +#11.20 A semiconductor with leads labelled gate, drain and source, is best +described as a: + +bipolar transistor + +silicon diode + +gated transistor + +field-effect transistor + +% ans 4 + diff --git a/files/N12.TXT b/files/N12.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cecd29 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N12.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +% FILENAME = N12.TXT +% Device Recognition +% Release version 3, October 2001 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#12.1 + +In the figure shown, 2 represents the: + +collector of a pnp transistor + +emitter of an npn transistor + +base of an npn transistor + +source of a junction FET + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#12.2 + +In the figure shown, 3 represents the: + +drain of a junction FET + +collector of an npn transistor + +emitter of a pnp transistor + +base of an npn transistor + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#12.3 + +In the figure shown, 2 represents the: + +base of a pnp transistor + +drain of a junction FET + +gate of a junction FET + +emitter of a pnp transistor + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#12.4 + +In the figure shown, 1 represents the: + +collector of a pnp transistor + +gate of a junction FET + +source of a MOSFET + +emitter of a pnp transistor + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#12.5 + +In the figure shown, 2 represents the: + +drain of a p-channel junction FET + +collector of an npn transistor + +gate of an n-channel junction FET + +base of a pnp transistor + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#12.6 + +In the figure shown, 3 represents the: + +source of an n-channel junction FET + +gate of a p-channel junction FET + +emitter of a pnp transistor + +drain of an n-channel junction FET + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#12.7 + +In the figure shown, 2 represents the: + +gate of a MOSFET + +base of a dual bipolar transistor + +anode of a silicon controlled rectifier + +cathode of a dual diode + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#12.8 + +The figure shown represents a: + +dual bipolar transistor + +dual diode + +dual varactor diode + +dual gate MOSFET + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#12.9 + +In the figure shown, 3 represents the: + +filament of a tetrode + +anode of a triode + +grid of a tetrode + +screen grid of a pentode + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#12.10 + +In the figure shown, 5 represents the: + +grid of a tetrode + +screen grid of a tetrode + +heater of a pentode + +grid of a triode + +% ans 2 + diff --git a/files/N13.TXT b/files/N13.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23b618f --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N13.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +% FILENAME = N13.TXT +% Meters and Measuring +% Release version 2, January 2000 + +%Question: 1 +#13.1 An ohmmeter measures the: + +value of any resistance placed between its terminals + +impedance of any component placed between its terminals + +power factor of any inductor or capacitor placed between its terminals + +voltage across any resistance placed between its terminals + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 2 +#13.2 A VSWR meter switched to the "reverse" position provides an indication +of: + +power output in watts + +relative reflected voltage + +relative forward voltage + +reflected power in dB + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 2 +#13.3 The correct instrument for measuring the supply current to an amplifier +is a: + +wattmeter + +voltmeter + +ammeter + +ohmmeter + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 4 +#13.4 The following meter could be used to measure the power supply current +drawn by a small hand-held transistorised receiver: + +a power meter + +an RF ammeter + +a DC ammeter + +an electrostatic voltmeter + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 5 +#13.5 When measuring the current drawn by a light bulb from a DC supply, the +meter will act in circuit as: + +an insulator + +a low value resistance + +a perfect conductor + +an extra current drain + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 6 +#13.6 When measuring the current drawn by a receiver from a power supply, the +current meter should be placed: + +in parallel with both receiver power supply leads + +in parallel with one of the receiver power leads + +in series with both receiver power leads + +in series with one of the receiver power leads + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 7 +#13.7 An ammeter should not be connected directly across the terminals of a 12 +volt car battery because: + +the resulting high current will probably destroy the ammeter + +no current will flow because no other components are in the circuit + +the battery voltage will be too low for a measurable current to flow + +the battery voltage will be too high for a measurable current to flow + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 8 +#13.8 A good ammeter should have: + +a very high internal resistance + +a resistance equal to that of all other components in the circuit + +a very low internal resistance + +an infinite resistance + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 9 +#13.9 A good voltmeter should have: + +a very high internal resistance + +a resistance equal to that of all other components in the circuit + +a very low internal resistance + +an inductive reactance + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 10 +#13.10 An rms-reading voltmeter is used to measure a 50 Hz sinewave of known +peak voltage 14 volt. The meter reading will be about: + +14 volt + +28 volt + +10 volt + +50 volt + +% ans 3 + + + + + + + diff --git a/files/N14.TXT b/files/N14.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a357e85 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N14.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +% FILENAME = N14.TXT +% Decibels, Amplification and Attenuation +% Release version 2 December 1999 + +%Question: 1 +#14.1 The input to an amplifier is 1 volt rms and the output 10 volt rms. This is an +increase of: + +3 dB + +6 dB + +10 dB + +20 dB + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 2 +#14.2 The input to an amplifier is 1 volt rms and output 100 volt rms. This is an +increase of: + +10 dB + +20 dB + +40 dB + +100 dB + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 3 +#14.3 An amplifier has a gain of 40 dB. The ratio of the rms output voltage to the rms +input voltage is: + +20 + +40 + +100 + +400 + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 4 +#14.4 A transmitter power amplifier has a gain of 20 dB. The ratio of the output +power to the input power is: + +10 + +20 + +40 + +100 + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 5 +#14.5 An attenuator network comprises two 100 ohm resistors in series with the input +applied across both resistors and the output taken from across one of them. The +voltage attenuation of the network is: + +3 dB + +6 dB + +50 dB + +100 dB + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 6 +#14.6 An attenuator network has 10 volt rms applied to its input with 1 volt rms +measured at its output. The attenuation of the network is: + +6 dB + +10 dB + +20 dB + +40 dB + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 7 +#14.7 An attenuator network has 10 volt rms applied to its input with 5 volt rms +measured at its output. The attenuation of the network is: + +6 dB + +10 dB + +20 dB + +40 dB + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 8 +#14.8 Two amplifiers with gains of 10 dB and 40 dB are connected in cascade. The +gain of the combination is: + +8 dB + +30 dB + +50 dB + +400 dB + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 9 +#14.9 An amplifier with a gain of 20 dB has a -10 dB attenuator connected in cascade. +The gain of the combination is: + +8 dB + +10 dB + +-10 dB + +-200 dB + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 10 +#14.10 Each stage of a three-stage amplifier provides 5 dB gain. The total +amplification is: + +10 dB + +15 dB + +25 dB + +125 dB + +% ans 2 + + diff --git a/files/N15.TXT b/files/N15.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8252e62 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N15.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +% FILENAME = N15.TXT +% HF Station Arrangement +% Release version 3, October 2001 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#15.1 In the block diagram shown, the "linear amplifier" is: + + + +an amplifier to remove distortion in signals from the transceiver + +an optional amplifier to be switched in when higher power is required + +an amplifier with all components arranged in-line + +a push-pull amplifier to cancel second harmonic distortion + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#15.2 In the block diagram shown, the additional signal path above the +"linear amplifier" block indicates that: + + + +some power is passed around the linear amplifier for stability + +"feed-forward" correction is being used to increase linearity + +the linear amplifier input and output terminals may be short-circuited + +the linear amplifier may be optionally switched out of circuit to reduce output power + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#15.3 In the block diagram shown, the "low pass filter" must be rated to: + + + +carry the full power output from the station + +filter out higher-frequency modulation components for maximum intelligibility + +filter out high-amplitude sideband components + +emphasise low-speed Morse code output + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#15.4 In the block diagram shown, the "SWR bridge" is a: + + + +switched wave rectifier for monitoring power output + +static wave reducer to minimize static electricity from the antenna + +device to monitor the standing-wave-ratio on the antenna feedline + +short wave rectifier to protect against lightning strikes + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#15.5 In the block diagram shown, the "antenna switch": + + + +switches the transmitter output to the dummy load for tune-up purposes + +switches the antenna from transmit to receive + +switches the frequency of the antenna for operation on different bands + +switches surplus output power from the antenna to the dummy load to avoid distortion. + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#15.6 In the block diagram shown, the "antenna tuner": + + + +adjusts the resonant frequency of the antenna to minimize harmonic radiation + +adjusts the resonant frequency of the antenna to maximise power output + +changes the standing-wave-ratio on the transmission line to the antenna + +adjusts the impedance of the antenna system seen at the transceiver output + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#15.7 In the block diagram shown, the "dummy load" is: + + + +used to allow adjustment of the transmitter without causing interference to +others + +a load used to absorb surplus power which is rejected by the antenna system + +used to absorb high-voltage impulses caused by lightning strikes to the antenna + +an additional load used to compensate for a badly-tuned antenna system + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#15.8 In the block diagram shown, the connection between the SWR bridge and the +antenna switch is normally a: + + + +twisted pair cable + +coaxial cable + +quarter-wave matching section + +short length of balanced ladder-line + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#15.9 In this block diagram, the block designated "antenna tuner" is not normally necessary when: + + + +the antenna input impedance is 50 ohms + +a half wave antenna is used, fed at one end + +the antenna is very long compared to a wavelength + +the antenna is very short compared to a wavelength + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#15.10 In the block diagram shown, the connection between the "antenna tuner" +and the "antenna" could be made with: + + + +three-wire mains power cable + +heavy hook-up wire + +50 ohm coaxial cable + +an iron-cored transformer + +% ans 3 + diff --git a/files/N16.TXT b/files/N16.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31f42ca --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N16.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +% FILENAME = N25.TXT +% Receiver Block Diagrams +% Release version 3, October 2001 +% Q 15 and 19 changed 6 Mar 2012 + +%Question: 1 +#16.1 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "RF amplifier": + + + +decreases random fluctuation noise + +is a restoring filter amplifier + +increases the incoming signal level + +changes the signal frequency + +% ans 3 + + +%Question: 2 +#16.2 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "mixer": + + + +combines signals at two different frequencies to produce one at an intermediate frequency + +combines sidebands to produce a stronger signal + +discriminates against SSB and AM signals + +inserts a carrier wave to produce a true FM signal + +% ans 1 + + +%Question: 3 +#16.3 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the output frequency of the +"oscillator" is: + + + +the same as that of the incoming received signal + +the same as that of the IF frequency + +different from both the incoming signal and IF frequencies + +at a low audio frequency + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 4 +#16.4 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "filter" rejects: + + + +AM and RTTY signals + +unwanted mixer outputs + +noise bursts + +broadcast band signals + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 5 +#16.5 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "IF amplifier" is an: + + + +isolation frequency amplifier + +intelligence frequency amplifier + +indeterminate frequency amplifier + +intermediate frequency amplifier + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 6 +#16.6 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "product detector": + + + +produces an 800 Hz beat note + +separates CW and SSB signals + +rejects AM signals + +translates signals to audio frequencies + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 7 +#16.7 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "AF amplifier": + + + +rejects AM and RTTY signals + +amplifies audio frequency signals + +has a very narrow passband + +restores ambiance to the audio + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 8 +#16.8 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "BFO" stands for: + + + +bad frequency obscurer + +basic frequency oscillator + +beat frequency oscillator + +band filter oscillator + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 9 +#16.9 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, most of the receiver gain is in the: + + + +RF amplifier + +IF amplifier + +AF amplifier + +mixer + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 10 +#16.10 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "RF amplifier": + + + +decreases random fluctuation noise + +masks strong noise + +should produce little internal noise + +changes the signal frequency + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 11 +#16.11 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "mixer": + + + +changes the signal frequency + +rejects SSB and CW signals + +protects against receiver overload + +limits the noise on the signal + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 12 +#16.12 In the receiver shown, when receiving a signal, the output frequency of the "oscillator" is: + + + +the same as that of the signal + +the same as that of the IF amplifier + +of constant amplitude and frequency + +passed through the following filter + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 13 +#16.13 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "limiter": + + + +limits the signal to a constant amplitude + +rejects SSB and CW signals + +limits the frequency shift of the signal + +limits the phase shift of the signal + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 14 +#16.14 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "frequency demodulator" +could be implemented with a: + + + +product detector + +phase-locked loop + +full-wave rectifier + +low-pass filter + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 15 +#16.15 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the "AF amplifier": + + + +amplifies stereo signals + +amplifies speech frequencies + +is an all frequency amplifier + +must be fitted with a tone control + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 16 +#16.16 In this receiver, an audio frequency gain control +would be associated with the block labelled: + + + +AF amplifier + +frequency demodulator + +speaker, phones + +IF amplifier + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 17 +#16.17 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the selectivity would be set by the: + + + +AF amplifier + +mixer + +limiter + +filter + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 18 +#16.18 In the FM communications receiver shown in the block diagram, the "filter" +bandwidth is typically: + + + +3 kHz + +10 kHz + +64 kHz + +128 kHz + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 19 +#16.19 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, an automatic gain +control (AGC) circuit would be associated with the: + + + +Speaker + +IF amplifier + +RF filter + +Oscillator + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 20 +#16.20 In the block diagram of the receiver shown, the waveform produced by the +"oscillator" would ideally be a: + + + +square wave + +pulsed wave + +sinewave + +hybrid frequency wave + +% ans 3 + + diff --git a/files/N17.TXT b/files/N17.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f5426e --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N17.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ +% FILENAME = N17.TXT +% Receiver Operation +% Release version 3, October 2001 +% Q 23 modified 6 Mar 2012 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#17.1 The frequency stability of a receiver is its ability to: + +stay tuned to the desired signal + +track the incoming signal as it drifts + +provide a frequency standard + +provide a digital readout + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#17.2 The sensitivity of a receiver specifies: + +the bandwidth of the RF preamplifier + +the stability of the oscillator + +its ability to receive weak signals + +its ability to reject strong signals + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#17.3 Of two receivers, the one capable of receiving the weakest signal will have: + +an RF gain control + +the least internally-generated noise + +the loudest audio output + +the greatest tuning range + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#17.4 The figure in a receiver's specifications which indicates its sensitivity is the: + +bandwidth of the IF in kilohertz + +audio output in watts + +signal plus noise to noise ratio + +number of RF amplifiers + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#17.5 If two receivers are compared, the more sensitive receiver will produce: + +more than one signal + +less signal and more noise + +more signal and less noise + +a steady oscillator drift + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#17.6 The ability of a receiver to separate signals close in frequency is called its: + +noise figure + +sensitivity + +bandwidth + +selectivity + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#17.7 A receiver with high selectivity has a: + +wide bandwidth + +wide tuning range + +narrow bandwidth + +narrow tuning range + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#17.8 The BFO in a superhet receiver operates on a frequency nearest to that of its: + +RF amplifier + +audio amplifier + +local oscillator + +IF amplifier + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#17.9 To receive Morse code signals, a BFO is employed in a superhet receiver to: + +produce IF signals + +beat with the local oscillator signal to produce sidebands + +produce an audio tone to beat with the IF signal + +beat with the IF signal to produce an audio tone + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#17.10 The following transmission mode is usually demodulated by a product detector: + +pulse modulation + +double sideband full carrier modulation + +frequency modulation + +single sideband suppressed carrier modulation + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 11 +#17.11 A superhet receiver for SSB reception has an insertion oscillator to: + +replace the suppressed carrier for detection + +phase out the unwanted sideband signal + +reduce the passband of the IF stages + +beat with the received carrier to produce the other sideband + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 12 +#17.12 A stage in a receiver with input and output circuits tuned to the received frequency is the: + +RF amplifier + +local oscillator + +audio frequency amplifier + +detector + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 13 +#17.13 An RF amplifier ahead of the mixer stage in a superhet receiver: + +enables the receiver to tune a greater frequency range + +means no BFO stage is needed + +makes it possible to receive SSB signals + +increases the sensitivity of the receiver + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 14 +#17.14 A communication receiver may have several IF filters of different bandwidths. The operator selects one to: + +improve the S-meter readings + +improve the receiver sensitivity + +improve the reception of different types of signal + +increase the noise received + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 15 +#17.15 The stage in a superhet receiver with a tuneable input and fixed tuned output is the: + +RF amplifier + +mixer stage + +IF amplifier + +local oscillator + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 16 +#17.16 The mixer stage of a superhet receiver: + +produces spurious signals + +produces an intermediate frequency signal + +acts as a buffer stage + +demodulates SSB signals + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 17 +#17.17 A 7 MHz signal and a 16 MHz oscillator are applied to a mixer stage. The output will contain the input frequencies and: + +8 and 9 MHz + +7 and 9 MHz + +9 and 23 MHz + +3.5 and 9 MHz + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 18 +#17.18 Selectivity in a superhet receiver is achieved primarily in the: + +RF amplifier + +Mixer + +IF amplifier + +Audio stage + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 19 +#17.19 The abbreviation AGC means: + +attenuating gain capacitor + +automatic gain control + +anode-grid capacitor + +amplified grid conductance + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 20 +#17.20 The AGC circuit in a receiver usually controls the: + +audio stage + +mixer stage + +power supply + +RF and IF stages + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 21 +#17.21 The tuning control of a superhet receiver changes the tuned frequency of the: + +audio amplifier + +IF amplifier + +local oscillator + +post-detector amplifier + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 22 +#17.22 A superhet receiver, with an IF at 500 kHz, is receiving a 14 MHz signal. The local oscillator frequency is: + +14.5 MHz + +19 MHz + +500 kHz + +28 MHz + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 23 +#17.23 An audio amplifier is necessary in an AM receiver because: + +signals leaving the detector are weak + +the carrier frequency must be replaced + +the signal requires demodulation + +RF signals are not heard by the human ear + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 24 +#17.24 The audio output transformer in a receiver is required to: + +step up the audio gain + +protect the loudspeaker from high currents + +improve the audio tone + +match the output impedance of the audio amplifier to the speaker + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 25 +#17.25 If the carrier insertion oscillator is counted, then a single conversion superhet receiver has: + +one oscillator + +two oscillators + +three oscillators + +four oscillators + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 26 +#17.26 A superhet receiver, with a 500 kHz IF, is receiving a signal at 21.0 MHz. A strong unwanted signal at 22 MHz is interfering. The cause is: + +insufficient IF selectivity + +the 22 MHz signal is out-of-band + +22 MHz is the image frequency + +insufficient RF gain + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 27 +#17.27 A superhet receiver receives an incoming signal of 3540 kHz and the local oscillator produces a signal of 3995 kHz. The IF amplifier is tuned to: + +455 kHz + +3540 kHz + +3995 kHz + +7435 kHz + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 28 +#17.28 A double conversion receiver designed for SSB reception has a carrier insertion oscillator and: + +one IF stage and one local oscillator + +two IF stages and one local oscillator + +two IF stages and two local oscillators + +two IF stages and three local oscillators + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 29 +#17.29 An advantage of a double conversion receiver is that it: + +does not drift off frequency + +produces a louder audio signal + +has improved image rejection characteristics + +is a more sensitive receiver + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 30 +#17.30 A receiver squelch circuit: + +automatically keeps the audio output at maximum level + +silences the receiver speaker during periods of no received signal + +provides a noisy operating environment + +is not suitable for pocket-size receivers + +% ans 2 + diff --git a/files/N18.TXT b/files/N18.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e818ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N18.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,319 @@ +% FILENAME = N18.TXT +% Transmitter Block Diagrams +% Release version 3, October 2001 + +%Question 1 +#18.1 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "oscillator": + + + +is variable in frequency + +generates an audio frequency tone during tests + +uses a crystal for good frequency stability + +may have a calibrated dial + +% ans 3 + + +%Question 2 +#18.2 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "balanced modulator": + + + +balances the high and low frequencies in the audio signal + +performs double sideband suppressed carrier modulation + +acts as a tone control + +balances the standing wave ratio + +% ans 2 + + +%Question 3 +#18.3 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "filter": + + + +removes mains hum from the audio signal + +suppresses unwanted harmonics of the RF signal + +removes one sideband from the modulated signal + +removes the carrier component from the modulated signal + +% ans 3 + + +%Question 4 +#18.4 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "mixer": + + + +adds the correct proportion of carrier to the SSB signal + +mixes the audio and RF signals in the correct proportions + +translates the SSB signal to the required frequency + +mixes the two sidebands in the correct proportions + +% ans 3 + + +%Question 5 +#18.5 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "linear amplifier": + + + +has all components arranged in-line + +amplifies the modulated signal with no distortion + +aligns the two sidebands correctly + +removes any unwanted amplitude modulation from the signal + +% ans 2 + +%Question 6 +#18.6 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "VFO" is: + + + +a voice frequency oscillator + +a varactor fixed oscillator + +a virtual faze oscillator + +a variable frequency oscillator + +% ans 4 + + +%Question 7 +#18.7 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "master oscillator" produces: + + + +a steady signal at the required carrier frequency + +a pulsating signal at the required carrier frequency + +a 800 Hz signal to modulate the carrier + +a modulated CW signal + +% ans 1 + + +%Question 8 +#18.8 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "driver buffer": + + + +filters any sharp edges from the input signal + +drives the power amplifier into saturation + +provides isolation between the oscillator and power amplifier + +changes the frequency of the master oscillator signal + +% ans 3 + + +%Question 9 +#18.9 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "Morse key": + + + +turns the DC power to the transmitter on and off + +allows the oscillator signal to pass only when the key is depressed + +changes the frequency of the transmitted signal when the key is +depressed + +adds an 800 Hz audio tone to the signal when the key is depressed + +% ans 2 + + + +%Question 10 +#18.10 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "power amplifier": + + + +need not have linear characteristics + +amplifies the bandwidth of its input signal + +must be adjusted during key-up conditions + +should be water-cooled + +% ans 1 + + +%Question 11 +#18.11 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "speech amplifier": + + + +amplifies the audio signal from the microphone + +is a spectral equalization entropy changer + +amplifies only speech, while discriminating against background noises + +shifts the frequency spectrum of the audio signal into the RF region + +% ans 1 + + +%Question 12 +#18.12 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "modulator": + + + +is an amplitude modulator with feedback + +is an SSB modulator with feedback + +causes the speech waveform to gate the oscillator on and off + +causes the speech waveform to shift the frequency of the oscillator + +% ans 4 + + +%Question 13 +#18.13 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "oscillator" is: + + + +an audio frequency oscillator + +a variable frequency RF oscillator + +a beat frequency oscillator + +a variable frequency audio oscillator + +% ans 2 + + +%Question 14 +#18.14 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "frequency multiplier": + + + +translates the frequency of the modulated signal into the RF spectrum + +changes the frequency of the speech signal + +produces a harmonic of the oscillator signal + +multiplies the oscillator signal by the speech signal + +% ans 3 + + + + + +%Question 15 +#18.15 In the transmitter block diagram shown, the "power amplifier": + + + +increases the voltage of the mains to drive the antenna + +amplifies the audio frequency component of the signal + +amplifies the selected sideband to a suitable level + +amplifies the RF signal to a suitable level + +% ans 4 + +%Question 16 +#18.16 The signal from an amplitude modulated transmitter consists of: + +a carrier and two sidebands + +a carrier and one sideband + +no carrier and two sidebands + +no carrier and one sideband + +% ans 1 + +%Question 17 +#18.17 The signal from a frequency modulated transmitter has: + +an amplitude which varies with the modulating waveform + +a frequency which varies with the modulating waveform + +a single sideband which follows the modulating waveform + +no sideband structure + +% ans 2 + +%Question 18 +#18.18 The signal from a balanced modulator consists of: + +a carrier and two sidebands + +a carrier and one sideband + +no carrier and two sidebands + +no carrier and one sideband + +% ans 3 + +%Question 19 +#18.19 The signal from a CW transmitter consists of: + +a continuous, unmodulated RF waveform + +a continuous RF waveform modulated with an 800 Hz Morse signal + +an RF waveform which is keyed on and off to form Morse characters + +a continuous RF waveform which changes frequency in synchronism with +an applied Morse signal + +% ans 3 + +%Question 20 +#18.20 The following signal can be amplified using a non-linear +amplifier: + +SSB + +FM + +AM + +DSBSC + +% ans 2 + + + + + + diff --git a/files/N19.TXT b/files/N19.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b1e7e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N19.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +% FILENAME = N19.TXT +% Transmitter Theory +% Release version 2, January 00 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#19.1 Morse code is usually transmitted by radio as: + +an interrupted carrier + +a voice modulated carrier + +a continuous carrier + +a series of clicks + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#19.2 To obtain high frequency stability in a transmitter, the VFO should be: + +run from a non-regulated AC supply + +in a plastic box + +powered from a regulated DC supply + +able to change frequency with temperature + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#19.3 SSB transmissions: + +occupy about twice the bandwidth of AM transmissions + +contain more information than AM transmissions + +occupy about half the bandwidth of AM transmissions + +are compatible with FM transmissions + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#19.4 The purpose of a balanced modulator in a SSB transmitter is to: + +make sure that the carrier and both sidebands are in phase + +make sure that the carrier and both sidebands are 180 degrees out of phase + +ensure that the percentage of modulation is kept constant + +suppress the carrier while producing two sidebands + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#19.5 Several stations advise that your FM simplex transmission in the "two metre" band is +distorted. The cause might be that: + +the transmitter modulation deviation is too high + +your antenna is too low + +the transmitter has become unsynchronised + +your transmitter frequency split is incorrect + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#19.6 The driver stage of a transmitter is located: + +before the power amplifier + +between oscillator and buffer + +with the frequency multiplier + +after the output low-pass filter circuit + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#19.7 The purpose of the final amplifier in a transmitter is to: + +increase the frequency of a signal + +isolate the multiplier and later stages + +produce a stable radio frequency + +increase the power fed to the antenna + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#19.8 The difference between DC input power and RF power output of a transmitter RF amplifier: + +radiates from the antenna + +is dissipated as heat + +is lost in the feedline + +is due to oscillating current + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#19.9 The process of modulation allows: + +information to be impressed on to a carrier + +information to be removed from a carrier + +voice and Morse code to be combined + +none of these + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#19.10 The output power rating of a linear amplifier in a SSB transmitter is specified by the: + +peak DC input power + +mean AC input power + +peak envelope power + +unmodulated carrier power + +% ans 3 diff --git a/files/N2.TXT b/files/N2.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cfd993 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N2.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ +% FILENAME = N2.TXT +% Frequencies +% Release version 4, October 2006 +% Q 14 no modification needed 6 Mar 2012 + +%Question 1 +#2.1 Amateur stations are often regarded as "frequency agile". This means: + +operation is limited to frequency modulation + +operators can choose to operate anywhere on a shared band + +a bandswitch is required on all transceivers + +on a shared band operators can change frequency to avoid interfering + +% ans 4 + +%Question 2 +#2.2 A new amateur radio operator is permitted to: + +operate on all amateur bands other than VHF at least weekly using a computer for log-keeping + +operate only on specified amateur bands for 3 months logging at least 50 contacts and retaining the log book for at least one year for possible official inspection + +operate only on one fixed frequency in the amateur bands between 5 and 25 MHz for 6 months and then present the log book for official inspection + +operate on amateur bands between 5 and 25 MHz as and when the operator chooses + +% ans 2 + +%Question 3 +#2.3 The frequency limits of the “80 metre band” are: + +3.50 to 4.0 MHz + +3.50 to 3.90 MHz + +3.50 to 3.85 MHz + +3.6 to 3.9 MHz + +% ans 2 + +%Question 4 +#2.4 In New Zealand the frequency limits of the “40 metre band” are: + +7.00 to 7.10 MHz + +7.00 to 7.15 MHz + +7.00 to 7.30 MHz + +7.10 to 7.40 MHz + +% ans 3 + +%Question 5 +#2.5 The frequency limits of the “20 metre band” are: + +14.00 to 14.10 MHz + +14.00 to 14.45 MHz + +14.00 to 14.50 MHz + +14.00 to 14.35 MHz + +% ans 4 + +%Question 6 +#2.6 The frequency limits of the “15 metre band” are: + +21.00 to 21.35 MHz + +21.00 to 21.40 MHz + +21.00 to 21.45 MHz + +21.00 to 21.50 MHz + +% ans 3 + +%Question 7 +#2.7 The frequency limits of the “10 metre band” are: + +28.00 to 28.35 MHz + +28.00 to 28.40 MHz + +28.00 to 29.00 MHz + +28.00 to 29.70 MHz + +% ans 4 + +%Question 8 +#2.8 The frequency limits of the “2 metre band” are: + +144 to 149 MHz + +144 to 148 MHz + +146 to 148 MHz + +144 to 150 MHz + +% ans 2 + +%Question 9 +#2.9 The frequency limits of the “70 centimetre band” are: + +430 to 440 MHz + +430 to 450 MHz + +435 to 438 MHz + +430 to 460 MHz + +% ans 1 + +%Question 10 +#2.10 The published bandplans for the New Zealand amateur bands: + +are determined by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment + +change at each equinox + +limit the operating frequencies of high-power stations + +were developed by NZART in the interests of all radio amateurs + +% ans 4 + +%Question 11 +#2.11 Operation on the 130 to 190 kHz band requires: + +a vertical half-wave antenna + +special permission to operate in daylight hours + +power output limited to 5 watt e.i.r.p. maximum + +receivers with computers with sound cards + +% ans 3 + +%Question 12 +#2.12 Two bands where amateur satellites may operate are + +28.0 to 29.7 MHz and 144.0 to 146.0 MHz + +21.0 to 21.1 MHz and 146.0 to 148.0 MHz + +3.5 to 3.8 MHz and 7.0 to 7.1 MHz + +7.1 to 7.3 MHz and 10.1 to 10.15 MHz + +% ans 1 + +%Question 13 +#2.13 The band 50 to 51 MHz is available to: + +amateur radio operators subject to special conditions + +all amateur radio operators as part of the 6 metre band + +television broadcasting only + +radio broadcasting stations only + +% ans 1 + +%Question 14 +#2.14 The following amateur radio band is shared with other services: + +14.0 to 14.35 MHz + +7.2 to 7.3 MHz + +18.068 to 18.168 MHz + +144.0 to 146.0 MHz + +% ans 2 + +%Question 15 +#2.15 The frequency band 146 to 148 MHz is: + +shared with other communication services + +allocated exclusively for police communications + +exclusive to repeater operation + +reserved for emergency communications + +% ans 1 + +%Question 16 +#2.16 The following amateur radio band is shared with another service in New Zealand: + +51 to 53 MHz + +144 to 146 MHz + +7.0 to 7.1 MHz + +24.89 to 24.99 MHz + +% ans 1 + +%Question 17 +#2.17 The published New Zealand amateur radio bandplans are: + +obligatory for all amateur radio operators to observe + +recommended, and all amateur radio operators should follow them + +to show where distant stations can be worked + +for tests and experimental purposes only + +% ans 2 + +%Question 18 +#2.18 The following band is allocated to New Zealand amateur radio operators on a primary basis: + +3.5 to 3.9 MHz + +10.1 to 10.15 MHz + +146 to 148 MHz + +21 to 21.45 MHz + +% ans 4 + +%Question 19 +#2.19 When the Amateur Service is a secondary user of a band and another service is the primary user, this means: + +nothing at all, all users have equal rights to operate + +amateurs may only use the band during emergencies + +the band may be used by amateurs provided they do not cause harmful interference to primary users + +you may increase transmitter power to overcome any interference caused by primary users + +% ans 3 + +%Question 20 +#2.20 This rule applies if two amateur radio stations want to use the same frequency: + +the operator with the newer qualification must yield the frequency to the more experienced operator + +the station with the lower power output must yield the frequency to the station with the higher power output + +both stations have an equal right to operate on the frequency, the second-comer courteously giving way after checking that the frequency is in use + +stations in ITU Regions 1 and 2 must yield the frequency to stations in Region 3 + +% ans 3 diff --git a/files/N20.TXT b/files/N20.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b104a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N20.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ +% FILENAME = N20.TXT +% Harmonics and Parasitics +% Release version 2, January 00 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#20.1 A harmonic of a signal transmitted at 3525 kHz would be expected to occur at: + +3573 kHz + +7050 kHz + +14025 kHz + +21050 kHz + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#20.2 The third harmonic of 7 MHz is: + +10 MHz + +14 MHz + +21 MHz + +28 MHz + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#20.3 The fifth harmonic of 7 MHz is: + +12 MHz + +19 MHz + +28 MHz + +35 MHz + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#20.4 Excessive harmonic output may be produced in a transmitter by: + +a linear amplifier + +a low SWR + +resonant circuits + +overdriven amplifier stages + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#20.5 Harmonics may be produced in the RF power amplifier of a transmitter if: + +the modulation level is too low + +the modulation level is too high + +the oscillator frequency is unstable + +modulation is applied to more than one stage + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#20.6 Harmonics produced in an early stage of a transmitter may be reduced in a later stage by: + +increasing the signal input to the final stage + +using FET power amplifiers + +using tuned circuit coupling between stages + +using larger value coupling capacitors + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#20.7 Harmonics are produced when: + +a resonant circuit is detuned + +negative feedback is applied to an amplifier + +a transistor is biased for class A operation + +a sine wave is distorted + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#20.8 Harmonic frequencies are: + +always lower in frequency than the fundamental frequency + +at multiples of the fundamental frequency + +any unwanted frequency above the fundamental frequency + +any frequency causing TVI + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#20.9 An interfering signal from a transmitter has a frequency of 57 MHz. This signal could be the: + +seventh harmonic of an 80 meter transmission + +third harmonic of a 15 metre transmission + +second harmonic of a 10 metre transmission + +crystal oscillator operating on its fundamental + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#20.10 To minimise the radiation of one particular harmonic, one can use a: + +wave trap in the transmitter output + +resistor + +high pass filter in the transmitter output + +filter in the receiver lead + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 11 +#20.11 A low-pass filter is used in the antenna lead from a transmitter: + +to reduce key clicks developed in a CW transmitter + +to increase harmonic radiation + +to eliminate chirp in CW transmissions + +to reduce radiation of harmonics + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 12 +#20.12 The following is installed in the transmission line as close as possible to a HF transmitter to reduce harmonic output: + +a middle-pass filter + +a low-pass filter + +a high-pass filter + +a band-reject filter + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 13 +#20.13 A low pass filter will: + +suppress sub-harmonics + +reduce harmonics + +always eliminate interference + +improve harmonic radiation + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 14 +#20.14 A spurious transmission from a transmitter is: + +an unwanted emission unrelated to the output signal frequency + +an unwanted emission that is harmonically related to the modulating audio frequency + +generated at 50 Hz + +the main part of the modulated carrier + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 15 +#20.15 A parasitic oscillation: + +is an unwanted signal developed in a transmitter + +is generated by parasitic elements of a Yagi beam + +does not cause any radio interference + +is produced in a transmitter oscillator stage + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 16 +#20.16 Parasitic oscillations in a RF power amplifier can be suppressed by: + +pulsing the supply voltage + +placing suitable chokes, ferrite beads or resistors within the amplifier + +screening all input leads + +using split-stator tuning capacitors + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 17 +#20.17 Parasitic oscillations in the RF power amplifier stage of a transmitter may occur: + +at low frequencies only + +on harmonic frequencies + +at high frequencies only + +at high or low frequencies + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 18 +#20.18 Transmitter power amplifiers can generate parasitic oscillations on: + +the transmitter's output frequency + +harmonics of the transmitter's output frequency + +frequencies unrelated to the transmitter's output frequency + +VHF frequencies only + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 19 +#20.19 Parasitic oscillations tend to occur in: + +high voltage rectifiers + +high gain amplifier stages + +antenna matching circuits + +SWR bridges + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 20 +#20.20 Parasitic oscillations can cause interference. They are: + +always the same frequency as the mains supply + +always twice the operating frequency + +not related to the operating frequency + +three times the operating frequency + +% ans 3 + + diff --git a/files/N21.TXT b/files/N21.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c693145 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N21.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +% FILENAME = N21.TXT +% Power Supplies +% Release version 2, January 2000 +% Q 6 corrected 6 Mar 2012 + +%Question: 1 +#21.1 A mains operated DC power supply: + +converts DC from the mains into AC of the same voltage + +converts energy from the mains into DC for operating electronic equipment + +is a diode-capacitor device for measuring mains power + +is a diode-choked device for measuring inductance power + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 2 +#21.2 The following unit in a DC power supply performs a rectifying operation: + +an electrolytic capacitor + +a fuse + +a crowbar + +a full-wave diode bridge + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 3 +#21.3 The following unit in a DC power supply performs a smoothing operation: + +an electrolytic capacitor + +a fuse + +a crowbar + +a full-wave diode bridge + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 4 +#21.4 The following could power a solid-state 10 watt VHF transceiver: + +a 12 volt car battery + +6 penlite cells in series + +a 12 volt, 500 mA plug-pack + +a 6 volt 10 Amp-hour Gel cell. + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 5 +#21.5 A fullwave DC power supply operates from the New Zealand AC mains. The ripple +frequency is: + +25 Hz + +50 Hz + +70 Hz + +100 Hz + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 6 +#21.6 The capacitor value best suited for smoothing the output of a 12 volt 1 amp DC power supply is: + +100 pF + +10 nF + +100 nF + +10,000 uF + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 7 +#21.7 The following should always be included as a standard protection device in any power +supply: + +a saturating transformer + +a fuse in the mains lead + +a zener diode bridge limiter + +a fuse in the filter capacitor negative lead + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 8 +#21.8 A halfwave DC power supply operates from the New Zealand AC mains. The ripple +frequency will be: + +25 Hz + +50 Hz + +70 Hz + +100 Hz + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 9 +#21.9 The output voltage of a DC power supply decreases when current is drawn from it because: + +drawing output current causes the input mains voltage to decrease + +drawing output current causes the input mains frequency to decrease + +all power supplies have some internal resistance + +some power is reflected back into the mains. + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 10 +#21.10 Electrolytic capacitors are used in power supplies because: + +they are tuned to operate at 50 Hz + +they have very low losses compared to other types + +they radiate less RF noise than other types + +they can be obtained in larger values than other types + +% ans 4 + diff --git a/files/N22.TXT b/files/N22.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d74c324 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N22.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +% FILENAME = N22.TXT +% Regulated Power Supplies +% Release version 3, October 2001 +% Q 4, 10 corrected 6 Mar 2012 + +%Question: 1 +#22.1 The block marked 'Filter' in the diagram is to: + + + +filter RF radiation from the output of the power supply + +smooth the rectified waveform from the rectifier + +act as a 50 Hz tuned circuit + +restore voltage variations + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 2 +#22.2 The block marked 'Regulator' in the diagram is to: + + + +regulate the incoming mains voltage to a constant value + +ensure that the output voltage never exceeds a dangerous value + +keep the incoming frequency constant at 50 Hz + +keep the output voltage at a constant value + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 3 +#22.3 The block marked 'Transformer' in the diagram is to: + + + +transform the incoming mains AC voltage to a DC voltage + +ensure that any RF radiation cannot get into the power supply + +transform the mains AC voltage to a more convenient AC voltage + +transform the mains AC waveform into a higher frequency waveform + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 4 +#22.4 The block marked 'Rectifier' in the diagram is to: + + + +turn the AC voltage from the transformer into a fluctuating DC voltage + +rectify any waveform errors introduced by the transformer + +turn the sinewave output of the rectifier into a square wave + +smooth the DC waveform + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 5 +#22.5 The block marked 'Regulator' in the diagram could consist of: + + + +four silicon power diodes in a regulator configuration + +two silicon power diodes and a centre-tapped transformer + +a three-terminal regulator chip + +a single silicon power diode connected as a half-wave rectifier + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 6 +#22.6 In the block marked regulator in the diagram below, a reversed diode may be present across the regulator. Its job is to + + + +Block negative voltages from appearing at the output + +Blow a fuse if high voltages occur at the output + +Blow a fuse if negative currents occur at the output + +Bypass the regulator for higher voltage at its output compared to its input + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 7 +#22.7 A power supply is to power a solid-state transceiver. A suitable +over-voltage protection device is a: + +crowbar across the regulator output + +100 uF capacitor across the transformer output + +fuse in parallel with the regulator output + +zener diode in series with the regulator + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 8 +#22.8 In a regulated power supply, the 'crowbar' is a: + +means to lever up the output voltage + +circuit for testing mains fuses + +last-ditch protection against failure of the regulator in the supply + +convenient means to move such a heavy supply unit + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 9 +#22.9 In a regulated power supply, 'current limiting' is sometimes used to: + +prevent transformer core saturation + +protect the mains fuse + +minimise short-circuit current passing through the regulator + +eliminate earth-leakage effects + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 10 +#22.10 The purpose of a series pass transistor in a regulated power supply is +to: + +suppress voltage spikes across the transformer secondary winding + +work as a surge multiplier to speed up regulation + +amplify output voltage errors to assist regulation + +Allow for a higher current to be supplied than the regulator would otherwise allow + +% ans 4 + diff --git a/files/N23.TXT b/files/N23.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..940d302 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N23.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +% FILENAME = N23.TXT +% General Operating Procedures +% Release version 2, January 00 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#23.1 The correct order for callsigns in a callsign exchange at the start and end of a transmission is: + +the other callsign followed by your own callsign + +your callsign followed by the other callsign + +your own callsign, repeated twice + +the other callsign, repeated twice + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#23.2 The following phonetic code is correct for the callsign "ZL1AN": + +zanzibar london one america norway + +zulu lima one alpha november + +zulu lima one able nancy + +zulu lima one able niner + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#23.3 The accepted way to call "CQ" with a SSB transceiver is: + +"CQ CQ CQ this is ZL1XXX ZL1XXX ZL1XXX" + +"This is ZL1XXX calling CQ CQ CQ" + +"CQ to anyone, CQ to anyone, I am ZL1XXX" + +"CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ this is New Zealand" + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#23.4 A signal report of "5 and 1" indicates: + +very low intelligibility but good signal strength + +perfect intelligibility but very low signal strength + +perfect intelligibility, high signal strength + +medium intelligibilty and signal strength + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#23.5 The correct phonetic code for the callsign VK5ZX is: + +victor kilowatt five zulu xray + +victor kilo five zulu xray + +victor kilo five zanzibar xray + +victoria kilo five zulu xray + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#23.6 The accepted way to announce that you are listening to a VHF repeater is: + +"hello 6695, this is ZL2ZZZ listening" + +"calling 6695, 6695, 6695 from ZL2ZZZ" + +"6695 from ZL2ZZZ" + +"ZL2ZZZ listening on 6695" + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#23.7 A rare DX station calling CQ on CW and repeating "up 2" at the end of the call means the +station: + +will be listening for replies 2 kHz higher in frequency + +will reply only to stations sending at greater than 20 wpm + +is about to shift his calling frequency 2 kHz higher + +will wait more than 2 seconds before replying to his call + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#23.8 When conversing via a VHF or UHF repeater you should pause between overs for about: + +half a second + +3 seconds + +30 seconds + +several minutes + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#23.9 Before calling CQ on the HF bands, you should: + +listen first, then ask if the frequency is in use + +request that other operators clear the frequency + +request a signal report from any station listening + +use a frequency where many stations are already calling + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#23.10 The phrase "you are fully quieting the repeater" means: + +your signal is too weak for the repeater to reproduce correctly + +your signal into the repeater is strong enough to be noise-free on the output frequency + +your modulation level is too low + +you are speaking too quietly into the microphone. + +% ans 2 diff --git a/files/N24.TXT b/files/N24.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d07eb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N24.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ +% FILENAME = N24.TXT +% Practical Operating Knowledge +% Release version 2, January 00 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#24.1 You are mobile and talking through a VHF repeater. The other station reports that you keep +"dropping out". This means: + +your signal is drifting lower in frequency + +your signal does not have enough strength to operate the repeater + +your voice is too low-pitched to be understood + +you are not speaking loudly enough + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#24.2 A "pileup" is: + +an old, worn-out radio + +another name for a junkbox + +a large group of stations all calling the same DX station + +a type of selenium rectifier + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#24.3 "Break-in keying" means: + +unauthorised entry has resulted in station equipment disappearing + +temporary emergency operating + +key-down changes the station to transmit, key-up to receive + +the other station's keying is erratic + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#24.4 A repeater operating with a "positive 600 kHz split": + +listens on a frequency 600 kHz higher than its designated frequency + +transmits on a frequency 600 kHz higher than its designated frequency + +transmits simultaneously on its designated frequency and one 600 kHz higher + +uses positive modulation with a bandwidth of 600 kHz + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#24.5 The standard frequency offset (split) for 2 metre repeaters in New Zealand is: + +plus 600 kHz above 147 MHz, minus 600 kHz on or below 147 MHz + +plus 600 kHz below 147 MHz, minus 600 kHz on or above 147 MHz + +minus 5 MHz below 147 MHz, plus 5 MHz kHz on or above 147 MHz + +plus 5 MHz below 147 MHz, minus 5 MHz kHz on or above 147 MHz + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#24.6 The standard frequency offset (split) for 70 cm repeaters in New Zealand is plus or minus: + +600 kHz + +1 MHz + +2 MHZ + +5 MHz + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#24.7 You are adjusting an antenna matching unit using an SWR bridge. You should adjust for: + +maximum reflected power + +equal reflected and transmitted power + +minimum reflected power + +minimum transmitted power + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#24.8 The "squelch" or "muting" circuitry on a VHF receiver: + +inhibits the audio output unless a station is being received + +compresses incoming voice signals to make them more intelligible + +reduces audio burst noise due to lightning emissions + +reduces the noise on incoming signals + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#24.9 The "S meter" on a receiver: + +indicates where the squelch control should be set + +indicates the standing wave ratio + +indicates the state of the battery voltage + +indicates relative incoming signal strengths + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#24.10 The "National System" is: + +the legal licensing standard of Amateur operation in New Zealand + +a series of nationwide amateur radio linked repeaters in the 70 cm band + +the official New Zealand repeater band plan + +A nationwide emergency communications procedure + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 11 +#24.11 A noise blanker on a receiver is most effective to reduce: + +50 Hz power supply hum + +noise originating from the mixer stage of the receiver + +ignition noise + +noise originating from the RF stage of the receiver. + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 12 +#24.12 The purpose of a VOX unit in a transceiver is to: + +change from receiving to transmitting using the sound of the operator's voice + +check the transmitting frequency using the voice operated crystal + +enable a volume operated extension speaker for remote listening + +enable the variable oscillator crystal + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 13 +#24.13 "VOX" stands for: + +volume operated extension speaker + +voice operated transmit + +variable oscillator transmitter + +voice operated expander + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 14 +#24.14 "RIT" stands for: + +receiver interference transmuter + +range independent transmission + +receiver incremental tuning + +random interference tester + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 15 +#24.15 The "RIT" control on a transceiver: + +reduces interference on the transmission + +changes the frequency of the transmitter section without affecting the frequency of the receiver section + +changes the transmitting and receiver frequencies by the same amount + +changes the frequency of the receiver section without affecting the frequency of the transmitter section + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 16 +#24.16 The "split frequency" function on a transceiver allows the operator to: + +transmit on one frequency and receive on another + +monitor two frequencies simultaneously using a single loudspeaker + +monitor two frequencies simultaneously using two loudspeakers + +receive CW and SSB signals simultaneously on the same frequency + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 17 +#24.17 The term "ALC" stands for: + +audio limiter control + +automatic level control + +automatic loudness control + +automatic listening control + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 18 +#24.18 The AGC circuit is to: + +expand the audio gain + +limit the extent of amplitude generation + +minimise the adjustments needed to the receiver gain control knobs + +amplitude limit the crystal oscillator output + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 19 +#24.19 Many receivers have both RF and AF gain controls. These allow the operator to: + +vary the receiver frequency and AM transmitter frequency independently + +vary the low and high frequency audio gain independently + +vary the receiver's "real" and "absolute" frequencies independently + +vary the gain of the radio frequency and audio frequency amplifier stages +independently + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 20 +#24.20 The term "PTT" means: + +push to talk + +piezo-electric transducer transmitter + +phase testing terminal + +phased transmission transponder + +% ans 1 diff --git a/files/N25.TXT b/files/N25.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbb8fe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N25.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +% FILENAME = N25.TXT +% Q Signals +% Release version 2 17 Dec 99 + +%Question: 1 +#25.1 The signal "QRM" means: + +your signals are fading + +I am troubled by static + +your transmission is being interfered with + +is my transmission being interfered with? + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 2 +#25.2 The signal "QRN" means: + +I am busy + +I am troubled by static + +are you troubled by static? + +I am being interfered with + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 3 +#25.3 The "Q signal" requesting the other station to send slower is: + +QRL + +QRN + +QRM + +QRS + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 4 +#25.4 The question "Who is calling me?" is asked by: + +QRT? + +QRM? + +QRP? + +QRZ? + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 5 +#25.5 The "Q" signal "what is your location?" is: + +QTH? + +QTC? + +QRL? + +QRZ? + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 6 +#25.6 The "Q" signal "are you busy?" is: + +QRM? + +QRL? + +QRT? + +QRZ? + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 7 +#25.7 The "Q" signal "shall I decrease transmitter power?" is: + +QRP? + +QRZ? + +QRN? + +QRL? + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 8 +#25.8 The "Q" signal "your signals are fading" is: + +QSO + +QSB + +QSL + +QRX + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 9 +#25.9 The signal "QSY?" means: + +shall I change to transmission on another frequency? + +shall I increase transmitter power? + +shall I relay to .... ? + +is my signal fading? + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 10 +#25.10 The "Q" signal which means "send faster" is: + +QRP + +QRQ + +QRS + +QRN + +% ans 2 + diff --git a/files/N26.TXT b/files/N26.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6500de5 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N26.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ +% FILENAME = N26.TXT +% Transmission Lines +% Release version 2, January 2000 + +%Question: 1 +#26.1 Any length of transmission line may be made to appear as an infinitely +long line by: + +shorting the line at the end + +leaving the line open at the end + +terminating the line in its characteristic impedance + +increasing the standing wave ratio above unity + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 2 +#26.2 The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is determined by the: + +length of the line + +load placed on the line + +physical dimensions and relative positions of the conductors + +frequency at which the line is operated + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 3 +#26.3 The characteristic impedance of a 20 metre length of transmission line is +52 ohm. If 10 metres is cut off, the impedance will be: + +13 ohm + +26 ohm + +39 ohm + +52 ohm + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 4 +#26.4 The following feeder is the best match to the base of a quarter wave +ground plane antenna: + +300 ohm balanced feedline + +50 ohm coaxial cable + +75 ohm balanced feedline + +300 ohm coaxial cable + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 5 +#26.5 The designed output impedance of the antenna socket of most modern +transmitters is nominally: + +25 ohm + +50 ohm + +75 ohm + +100 ohm + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 6 +#26.6 To obtain efficient transfer of power from a transmitter to an antenna, +it is important that there is a: + +high load impedance + +low load impedance + +correct impedance match between transmitter and antenna + +high standing wave ratio + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 7 +#26.7 A coaxial feedline is constructed from: + +a single conductor + +two parallel conductors separated by spacers + +braid and insulation around a central conductor + +braid and insulation twisted together + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 8 +#26.8 An RF transmission line should be matched at the transmitter end to: + +prevent frequency drift + +overcome fading of the transmitted signal + +ensure that the radiated signal has the intended polarisation + +transfer maximum power to the antenna + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 9 +#26.9 A damaged antenna or feedline attached to the output of a transmitter +will present an incorrect load resulting in: + +the driver stage not delivering power to the final + +the output tuned circuit breaking down + +excessive heat being produced in the transmitter output stage + +loss of modulation in the transmitted signal + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 10 +#26.10 A result of mismatch between the power amplifier of a transmitter and +the antenna is: + +reduced antenna radiation + +radiation of key clicks + +lower modulation percentage + +smaller DC current drain + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 11 +#26.11 Losses occurring on a transmission line between a transmitter and +antenna result in: + +less RF power being radiated + +a SWR of 1:1 + +reflections occurring in the line + +improved transfer of RF energy to the antenna + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 12 +#26.12 If the characteristic impedance of a feedline does not match the antenna +input impedance then: + +standing waves are produced in the feedline + +heat is produced at the junction + +the SWR drops to 1:1 + +the antenna will not radiate any signal + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 13 +#26.13 A result of standing waves on a non-resonant transmission line is: + +maximum transfer of energy to the antenna from the transmitter + +perfect impedance match between transmitter and feedline + +reduced transfer of RF energy to the antenna + +lack of radiation from the transmission line + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 14 +#26.14 A quarter-wave length of 50-ohm coaxial line is shorted at one end. The +impedance seen at the other end of the line is: + +zero + +5 ohm + +150 ohm + +infinite + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 15 +#26.15 A switching system to use a single antenna for a separate transmitter +and receiver should also: + +disable the unit not being used + +disconnect the antenna tuner + +ground the antenna on receive + +switch between power supplies + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 16 +#26.16 An instrument to check whether RF power in the transmission line is +transferred to the antenna is: + +a standing wave ratio meter + +an antenna tuner + +a dummy load + +a keying monitor + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 17 +#26.17 This type of transmission line will exhibit the lowest loss: + +twisted flex + +coaxial cable + +open-wire feeder + +mains cable + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 18 +#26.18 The velocity factor of a coaxial cable with solid polythene dielectric +is about: + +0.66 + +0.1 + +0.8 + +1.0 + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 19 +#26.19 This commonly available antenna feedline can be buried directly in the +ground for some distance without adverse effects: + +75 ohm twinlead + +300 ohm twinlead + +600 ohm open-wire + +coaxial cable + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 20 +#26.20 If an antenna feedline must pass near grounded metal objects, the +following type should be used: + +75 ohm twinlead + +300 ohm twinlead + +600 ohm open-wire + +coaxial cable + +% ans 4 + diff --git a/files/N27.TXT b/files/N27.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccd8b24 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N27.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ +% FILENAME = N27.TXT +% Antennas +% Release version 3, October 2001 + +%Question: 1 +#27.1 + +In this diagram the item U corresponds to the: + +boom + +reflector + +driven element + +director + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 2 +#27.2 + +In this diagram the item V corresponds to the: + +boom + +reflector + +driven element + +director + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 3 +#27.3 + +In this diagram the item X corresponds to the: + +boom + +reflector + +director + +driven element + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 4 +#27.4 + +The antenna in this diagram has two equal lengths of wire shown as 'X' forming +a dipole between insulators. The optimum operating frequency will be when the: + +length X+X equals the signal wavelength + +dimensions are changed with one leg doubled in length + +length X+X is a little shorter than one-half of the signal wavelength + +antenna has one end grounded + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 5 +#27.5 + +The antenna in this diagram can be made to operate on several bands if the +following item is installed at the points shown at 'X' in each wire: + +a capacitor + +an inductor + +a fuse + +a parallel-tuned trap + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 6 +#27.6 + +The physical length of the antenna shown in this diagram can be shortened and +the electrical length maintained, if one of the following items is added at the +points shown at 'X' in each wire: + +an inductor + +a capacitor + +an insulator + +a resistor + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 7 +#27.7 The approximate physical length of a half-wave antenna for a frequency of +1000 kHz is: + +300 metres + +600 metres + +150 metres + +30 metres + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 8 +#27.8 The wavelength for a frequency of 25 MHz is: + +15 metres + +32 metres + +4 metres + +12 metres + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 9 +#27.9 Magnetic and electric fields about an antenna are: + +parallel to each other + +determined by the type of antenna used + +perpendicular to each other + +variable with the time of day + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 10 +#27.10 Radio wave polarisation is defined by the orientation of the radiated: + +magnetic field + +electric field + +inductive field + +capacitive field + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 11 +#27.11 A half wave dipole antenna is normally fed at the point of: + +maximum voltage + +maximum current + +maximum resistance + +resonance + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 12 +#27.12 An important factor to consider when high angle radiation is desired +from a horizontal half-wave antenna is the: + +size of the antenna wire + +time of the year + +height of the antenna + +mode of propagation + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 13 +#27.13 An antenna which transmits equally well in all compass directions is a: + +dipole with a reflector only + +quarterwave grounded vertical + +dipole with director only + +half-wave horizontal dipole + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 14 +#27.14 A groundplane antenna emits a: + +horizontally polarised wave + +elliptically polarised wave + +axially polarised wave + +vertically polarised wave + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 15 +#27.15 The impedance at the feed point of a folded dipole antenna is +approximately: + +300 ohm + +150 ohm + +200 ohm + +100 ohm + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 16 +#27.16 The centre impedance of a 'half-wave' dipole in 'free space' is +approximately: + +52 ohm + +73 ohm + +100 ohm + +150 ohm + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 17 +#27.17 The effect of adding a series inductance to an antenna is to: + +increase the resonant frequency + +have no change on the resonant frequency + +have little effect + +decrease the resonant frequency + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 18 +#27.18 The purpose of a balun in a transmitting antenna system is to: + +balance harmonic radiation + +reduce unbalanced standing waves + +protect the antenna system from lightning strikes + +match unbalanced and balanced transmission lines + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 19 +#27.19 A dummy antenna: + +attenuates a signal generator to a desirable level + +provides more selectivity when a transmitter is being tuned + +matches an AF generator to the receiver + +duplicates the characteristics of an antenna without radiating signals + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 20 +#27.20 A half-wave antenna resonant at 7100 kHz is approximately this long: + +20 metres + +40 metres + +80 metres + +160 metres + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 21 +#27.21 An antenna with 20 metres of wire each side of a centre insulator will +be resonant at approximately: + +3600 kHz + +3900 kHz + +7050 kHz + +7200 kHz + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 22 +#27.22 A half wave antenna cut for 7 MHz can be used on this band without +change: + +10 metre + +15 metre + +20 metre + +80 metre + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 23 +#27.23 This property of an antenna broadly defines the range of frequencies to +which it will be effective: + +bandwidth + +front-to-back ratio + +impedance + +polarisation + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 24 +#27.24 The resonant frequency of an antenna may be increased by: + +shortening the radiating element + +lengthening the radiating element + +increasing the height of the radiating element + +lowering the radiating element + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 25 +#27.25 Insulators are used at the end of suspended antenna wires to: + +increase the effective antenna length + +limit the electrical length of the antenna + +make the antenna look more attractive + +prevent any loss of radio waves by the antenna + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 26 +#27.26 To lower the resonant frequency of an antenna, the operator should: + +lengthen the antenna + +centre feed the antenna with TV ribbon + +shorten the antenna + +ground one end + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 27 +#27.27 A half-wave antenna is often called a: + +bi-polar + +Yagi + +dipole + +beam + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 28 +#27.28 The resonant frequency of a dipole antenna is mainly determined by: + +its height above the ground + +its length + +the output power of the transmitter used + +the length of the transmission line + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 29 +#27.29 A transmitting antenna for 28 MHz for mounting on the roof of a car +could be a: + +vertical long wire + +quarter wave vertical + +horizontal dipole + +full wave centre fed horizontal + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 30 +#27.30 A vertical antenna which uses a flat conductive surface at its base is +the: + +vertical dipole + +quarter wave ground plane + +rhombic + +long wire + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 31 +#27.31 The main characteristic of a vertical antenna is that it: + +requires few insulators + +is very sensitive to signals coming from horizontal aerials + +receives signals from all points around it equally well + +is easy to feed with TV ribbon feeder + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 32 +#27.32 At the ends of a half-wave dipole the: + +voltage and current are both high + +voltage is high and current is low + +voltage and current are both low + +voltage low and current is high + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 33 +#27.33 An antenna type commonly used on HF is the: + +parabolic dish + +cubical quad + +13-element Yagi + +helical Yagi + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 34 +#27.34 A Yagi antenna is said to have a power gain over a dipole antenna for +the same frequency band because: + +it radiates more power than a dipole + +more powerful transmitters can use it + +it concentrates the radiation in one direction + +it can be used for more than one band + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 35 +#27.35 The maximum radiation from a three element Yagi antenna is: + +in the direction of the reflector end of the boom + +in the direction of the director end of the boom + +at right angles to the boom + +parallel to the line of the coaxial feeder + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 36 +#27.36 The reflector and director(s) in a Yagi antenna are called: + +oscillators + +tuning stubs + +parasitic elements + +matching units + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 37 +#27.37 An isotropic antenna is a: + +half wave reference dipole + +infinitely long piece of wire + +dummy load + +hypothetical point source + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 38 +#27.38 The main reason why many VHF base and mobile antennas in amateur use are +5/8 of a wavelength long is that: + +it is easy to match the antenna to the transmitter + +it is a convenient length on VHF + +the angle of radiation is high giving excellent local coverage + +most of the energy is radiated at a low angle + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 39 +#27.39 A more important consideration when selecting an antenna for working +stations at great distances is: + +sunspot activity + +angle of radiation + +impedance + +bandwidth + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 40 +#27.40 On VHF and UHF bands, polarisation of the receiving antenna is important +in relation to the transmitting antenna, but on HF it is relatively unimportant +because: + +the ionosphere can change the polarisation of the signal from moment to moment + +the ground wave and the sky wave continually shift the polarisation + +anomalies in the earth's magnetic field profoundly affect HF polarisation + +improved selectivity in HF receivers makes changes in polarisation redundant + +% ans 1 diff --git a/files/N28.TXT b/files/N28.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7d6e27 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N28.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,692 @@ +% FILENAME = N28.TXT +% Propagation +% Release version 3, October 2001 + +%QUESTION 1 +#28.1 A 'skip zone' is: + +the distance between the antenna and where the refracted wave first +returns to earth + +the distance between the far end of the ground wave and where the +refracted wave first returns to earth + +the distance between any two refracted waves + +a zone caused by lost sky waves + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 2 +#28.2 The medium which reflects high frequency radio waves back to the earth's +surface is called the: + +biosphere + +stratosphere + +ionosphere + +troposphere + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 3 +#28.3 The highest frequency that will be reflected back to the earth at any given time +is known as the: + +UHF + +MUF + +OWF + +LUF + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 4 +#28.4 All communications frequencies throughout the spectrum are affected in +varying degrees by the: + +atmospheric conditions + +ionosphere + +aurora borealis + +sun + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 5 +#28.5 Solar cycles have an average length of: + +1 year + +3 years + +6 years + +11 years + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 6 +#28.6 The 'skywave' is another name for the: + +ionospheric wave + +tropospheric wave + +ground wave + +inverted wave + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 7 +#28.7 The polarisation of an electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of: + +the H field + +propagation + +the E field + +the receiving antenna + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 8 +#28.8 That portion of HF radiation which is directly affected by the surface of the +earth is called: + +ionospheric wave + +local field wave + +ground wave + +inverted wave + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 9 +#28.9 Radio wave energy on frequencies below 4 MHz during daylight hours is +almost completely absorbed by this ionospheric layer: + +C + +D + +E + +F + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 10 +#28.10 Because of high absorption levels at frequencies below 4 MHz during daylight +hours, only high angle signals are normally reflected back by this layer: + +C + +D + +E + +F + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 11 +#28.11 Scattered patches of high ionisation developed seasonally at the height of one +of the layers is called: + +sporadic-E + +patchy + +random reflectors + +trans-equatorial ionisation + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 12 +#28.12 For long distance propagation, the radiation angle of energy from the antenna +should be: + +less than 30 degrees + +more than 30 degrees but less than forty-five + +more than 45 degrees but less than ninety + +90 degrees + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 13 +#28.13 The path radio waves normally follow from a transmitting antenna to a +receiving antenna at VHF and higher frequencies is a: + +circular path going north or south from the transmitter + +great circle path + +straight line + +bent path via the ionosphere + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 14 +#28.14 A radio wave may follow two or more different paths during propagation and +produce slowly-changing phase differences between signals at the receiver +resulting in a phenomenon called: + +absorption + +baffling + +fading + +skip + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 15 +#28.15 The distance from the far end of the ground wave to the nearest point where the sky wave +returns to the earth is called the: + +skip distance + +radiation distance + +skip angle + +skip zone + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 16 +#28.16 High Frequency long-distance propagation is most dependent on: + +ionospheric reflection + +tropospheric reflection + +ground reflection + +inverted reflection + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 17 +#28.17 The layer of the ionosphere mainly responsible for long distance +communication is: + +C + +D + +E + +F + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 18 +#28.18 The ionisation level of the ionosphere reaches its minimum: + +just after sunset + +just before sunrise + +at noon + +at midnight + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 19 +#28.19 One of the ionospheric layers splits into two parts during the day called: + +A & B + +D1 & D2 + +E1 & E2 + +F1 & F2 + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 20 +#28.20 Signal fadeouts resulting from an 'ionospheric storm' or 'sudden ionospheric +disturbance' are usually attributed to: + +heating of the ionised layers + +over-use of the signal path + +insufficient transmitted power + +solar flare activity + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 21 +#28.21 The 80 metre band is useful for working: + +in the summer at midday during high sunspot activity + +long distance during daylight hours when absorption is not significant + +all points on the earth's surface + +up to several thousand kilometres in darkness but atmospheric and +man-made noises tend to be high + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 22 +#28.22 The skip distance of radio signals is determined by the: + +type of transmitting antenna used + +power fed to the final amplifier of the transmitter + +only the angle of radiation from the antenna + +both the height of the ionosphere and the angle of radiation from the +antenna + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 23 +#28.23 Three recognised layers of the ionosphere that affect radio propagation are: + +A, E, F + +B, D, E + +C, E, F + +D, E, F + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 24 +#28.24 Propagation on 80 metres during the summer daylight hours is limited to +relatively short distances because of + +high absorption in the D layer + +the disappearance of the E layer + +poor refraction by the F layer + +pollution in the T layer + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 25 +#28.25 The distance from the transmitter to the nearest point where the sky wave +returns to the earth is called the: + +angle of radiation + +maximum usable frequency + +skip distance + +skip zone + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 26 +#28.26 A variation in received signal strength caused by slowly changing differences +in path lengths is called: + +absorption + +fading + +fluctuation + +path loss + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 27 +#28.27 VHF and UHF bands are frequently used for satellite communication because: + +waves at these frequencies travel to and from the satellite relatively +unaffected by the ionosphere + +the Doppler frequency change caused by satellite motion is much less +than at HF + +satellites move too fast for HF waves to follow + +the Doppler effect would cause HF waves to be shifted into the VHF +and UHF bands. + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 28 +#28.28 The 'critical frequency' is defined as the: + +highest frequency to which your transmitter can be tuned + +lowest frequency which is reflected back to earth at vertical incidence + +minimum usable frequency + +highest frequency which will be reflected back to earth at vertical +incidence + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 29 +#28.29 The speed of a radio wave: + +varies indirectly to the frequency + +is the same as the speed of light + +is infinite in space + +is always less than half the speed of light + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 30 +#28.30 The MUF for a given radio path is the: + +mean of the maximum and minimum usable frequencies + +maximum usable frequency + +minimum usable frequency + +mandatory usable frequency + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 31 +#28.31 The position of the E layer in the ionosphere is: + +above the F layer + +below the F layer + +below the D layer + +sporadic + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 32 +#28.32 A distant amplitude-modulated station is heard quite loudly but the modulation +is at times severely distorted. A similar local station is not affected. The +probable cause of this is: + +transmitter malfunction + +selective fading + +a sudden ionospheric disturbance + +front end overload + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 33 +#28.33 Skip distance is a term associated with signals through the ionosphere. Skip +effects are due to: + +reflection and refraction from the ionosphere + +selective fading of local signals + +high gain antennas being used + +local cloud cover + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 34 +#28.34 The type of atmospheric layers which will best return signals to earth are: + +oxidised layers + +heavy cloud layers + +ionised layers + +sun spot layers + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 35 +#28.35 The ionosphere: + +is a magnetised belt around the earth + +consists of magnetised particles around the earth + +is formed from layers of ionised gases around the earth + +is a spherical belt of solar radiation around the earth + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 36 +#28.36 The skip distance of a sky wave will be greatest when the: + +ionosphere is most densely ionised + +signal given out is strongest + +angle of radiation is smallest + +polarisation is vertical + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 37 +#28.37 If the height of the reflecting layer of the ionosphere increases, the skip +distance of a high frequency transmission: + +stays the same + +decreases + +varies regularly + +becomes greater + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 38 +#28.38 If the frequency of a transmitted signal is so high that we no longer receive a +reflection from the ionosphere, the signal frequency is above the: + +speed of light + +sun spot frequency + +skip distance + +maximum usable frequency + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 39 +#28.39 A 'line of sight' transmission between two stations uses mainly the: + +ionosphere + +troposphere + +sky wave + +ground wave + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 40 +#28.40 The distance travelled by ground waves in air: + +is the same for all frequencies + +is less at higher frequencies + +is more at higher frequencies + +depends on the maximum usable frequency + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 41 +#28.41 The radio wave from the transmitter to the ionosphere and back to earth is +correctly known as the: + +sky wave + +skip wave + +surface wave + +F layer + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 42 +#28.42 Reception of high frequency radio waves beyond 4000 km normally occurs by +the: + +ground wave + +skip wave + +surface wave + +sky wave + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION 43 +#28.43 A 28 MHz radio signal is more likely to be heard over great distances: + +if the transmitter power is reduced + +during daylight hours + +only during the night + +at full moon + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 44 +#28.44 The number of high frequency bands open to long distance communication at +any time depends on: + +the highest frequency at which ionospheric reflection can occur + +the number of frequencies the receiver can tune + +the power being radiated by the transmitting station + +the height of the transmitting antenna + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 45 +#28.45 Regular changes in the ionosphere occur approximately every 11: + +days + +months + +years + +centuries + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 46 +#28.46 When a HF transmitted radio signal reaches a receiver, small changes in the +ionosphere can cause: + +consistently stronger signals + +a change in the ground wave signal + +variations in signal strength + +consistently weaker signals + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 47 +#28.47 The usual effect of ionospheric storms is to: + +increase the maximum usable frequency + +cause a fade-out of sky-wave signals + +produce extreme weather changes + +prevent communications by ground wave + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION 48 +#28.48 Changes in received signal strength when sky wave propagation is used are +called: + +ground wave losses + +modulation losses + +fading + +sunspots + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION 49 +#28.49 Although high frequency signals may be received from a distant station by a +sky wave at a certain time, it may not be possible to hear them an hour later. +This may be due to: + +changes in the ionosphere + +shading of the earth by clouds + +changes in atmospheric temperature + +absorption of the ground wave signal + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION 50 +#28.50 VHF or UHF signals transmitted towards a tall building are often received at a +more distant point in another direction because: + +these waves are easily bent by the ionosphere + +these waves are easily reflected by objects in their path + +you can never tell in which direction a wave is travelling + +tall buildings have elevators + +% ans 2 + diff --git a/files/N29.TXT b/files/N29.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f233749 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N29.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ + + +% FILENAME = N29.TXT +% Interference and Filtering +% Release version 4, June 2004 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#29.1 Electromagnetic compatibility is: + +two antennas facing each other + +the ability of equipment to function satisfactorily in its own environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances + +more than one relay solenoid operating simultaneously + +the inability of equipment to function satisfactorily together and produce tolerable electromagnetic disturbances + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#29.2 On an amateur receiver, unwanted signals are found at every 15.625 kHz. This is probably due to: + +a low-frequency government station + +a remote radar station + +radiation from a nearby TV line oscillator + +none of these + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#29.3 Narrow-band interference can be caused by: + +transmitter harmonics + +a neon sign + +a shaver motor + +lightning flashes + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#29.4 Which of the following is most likely to cause broad-band continuous interference: + +an electric blanket switch + +a refrigerator thermostat + +a microwave transmitter + +poor commutation in an electric motor + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#29.5 If broadband noise interference varies when it rains, the most likely cause could be from: + +underground power cables + +outside overhead power lines + +car ignitions + +your antenna connection + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#29.6 Before explaining to a neighbour that the reported interference is due to a lack of immunity in the neighbour's electronic equipment: + +disconnect all your equipment from their power sources + +write a letter to the MED + +make sure that there is no interference on your own domestic equipment + +ignore all complaints and take no action + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#29.7 A neighbour's stereo system is suffering RF break-through. One possible cure is to: + +put a ferrite bead on the transmitter output lead + +put a capacitor across the transmitter output + +use open-wire feeders to the antenna + +use screened wire for the loudspeaker leads + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#29.8 When living in a densely-populated area, it is wise to: + +always use maximum transmitter output power + +use the minimum transmitter output power necessary + +only transmit during popular television programme times + +point the beam at the maximum number of television antennas + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#29.9 When someone in the neighbourhood complains of TVI it is wise to: + +deny all responsibility + +immediately blame the other equipment + +inform all the other neighbours + +check your log to see if it coincides with your transmissions + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#29.10 Cross-modulation is usually caused by: + +rectification of strong signals in overloaded stages + +key-clicks generated at the transmitter + +improper filtering in the transmitter + +lack of receiver sensitivity and selectivity + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 11 +#29.11 When the signal from a transmitter overloads the audio stages of a broadcast receiver, the transmitted signal: + +can be heard irrespective of where the receiver is tuned + +appears only when a broadcast station is received + +is distorted on voice peaks + +appears on only one frequency + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 12 +#29.12 Cross-modulation of a broadcast receiver by a nearby transmitter would be noticed in the receiver as: + +a lack of signals being received + +the undesired signal in the background of the desired signal + +interference only when a broadcast signal is received + +distortion on transmitted voice peaks + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 13 +#29.13 Unwanted signals from a radio transmitter which cause harmful interference to other users are known as: + +rectified signals + +re-radiation signals + +reflected signals + +harmonic and other spurious signals + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 14 +#29.14 To reduce harmonic output from a transmitter, the following could be put in the transmission line as close to the +transmitter as possible: + +wave trap + +low-pass filter + +high-pass filter + +band reject filter + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 15 +#29.15 To reduce energy from an HF transmitter getting into a television receiver, the following could be placed in the TV antenna lead as close to the TV as possible: + +active filter + +low-pass filter + +high-pass filter + +band reject filter + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 16 +#29.16 A low-pass filter used to eliminate the radiation of unwanted signals is connected to the: + +output of the balanced modulator + +output of the amateur transmitter + +input of the stereo system + +input of the mixer stage of your SSB transmitter + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 17 +#29.17 A band-pass filter will: + +pass frequencies each side of a band + +attenuate low frequencies but not high frequencies + +attenuate frequencies each side of a band + +attenuate high frequencies but not low frequencies + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 18 +#29.18 A band-stop filter will: + +pass frequencies each side of a band + +stop frequencies each side of a band + +only allow one spot frequency through + +pass frequencies below 100 MHz + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 19 +#29.19 A low-pass filter for a high frequency transmitter output would: + +attenuate frequencies above 30 MHz + +pass audio frequencies below 3 kHz + +attenuate frequencies below 30 MHz + +pass audio frequencies above 3 kHz + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 20 +#29.20 Installing a low-pass filter between the transmitter and transmission line will: + +permit higher frequency signals to pass to the antenna + +ensure an SWR not exceeding 2:1 + +reduce the power output back to the legal maximum + +permit lower frequency signals to pass to the antenna + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 21 +#29.21 A low-pass filter may be used in an amateur radio installation: + +to attenuate signals lower in frequency than the transmission + +to attenuate signals higher in frequency than the transmission + +to boost the output power of the lower frequency transmissions + +to boost the power of higher frequency transmissions + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 22 +#29.22 Television interference caused by harmonics radiated from an amateur transmitter could be eliminated by fitting: + +a low-pass filter in the TV receiver antenna input + +a high-pass filter in the transmitter output + +a low-pass filter in the transmitter output + +a band-pass filter to the speech amplifier + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 23 +#29.23 A high-pass filter can be used to: + +prevent interference to a telephone + +prevent overmodulation in a transmitter + +prevent interference to a TV receiver + +pass a band of speech frequencies in a modulator + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 24 +#29.24 A high-pass RF filter would normally be fitted: + +between transmitter output and feedline + +at the antenna terminals of a TV receiver + +at the Morse key or keying relay in a transmitter + +between microphone and speech amplifier + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 25 +#29.25 A high-pass filter attenuates: + +a band of frequencies in the VHF region + +all except a band of VHF frequencies + +high frequencies but not low frequencies + +low frequencies but not high frequencies + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 26 +#29.26 An operational amplifier connected as a filter always utilises: + +positive feedback to reduce oscillation + +negative feedback + +random feedback + +inductors and resistor circuits only + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 27 +#29.27 The voltage gain of an operational amplifier at low frequencies is: + +very high but purposely reduced using circuit components + +very low but purposely increased using circuit components + +less than one + +undefined + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 28 +#29.28 The input impedance of an operational amplifier is generally: + +very high + +very low + +capacitive + +inductive + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 29 +#29.29 An active audio low-pass filter could be constructed using: + +zener diodes and resistors + +electrolytic capacitors and resistors + +an operational amplifier, resistors and capacitors + +a transformer and capacitors + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 30 +#29.30 A filter used to attenuate a very narrow band of frequencies centred on 3.6 MHz would be called: + +a band-pass filter + +a high-pass filter + +a low-pass filter + +a notch filter + +% ans 4 + + diff --git a/files/N3.TXT b/files/N3.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..472717d --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N3.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ +% FILENAME = N3.TXT +% Electronics Fundamentals +% Release version 3, October 2001 +% Question 3.7 replaced 9 Aug 2012 + +% Question: 1 +#3.1 The element Silicon is: + +a conductor + +an insulator + +a superconductor + +a semiconductor + +% ans 4 + +% Question: 2 +#3.2 An element which falls somewhere between being an insulator and a conductor is called a: + +P-type conductor + +intrinsic conductor + +semiconductor + +N-type conductor + +% ans 3 + +% Question: 3 +#3.3 In an atom: + +the protons and the neutrons orbit the nucleus in opposite directions + +the protons orbit around the neutrons + +the electrons orbit the nucleus + +the electrons and the neutrons orbit the nucleus + +% ans 3 + +% Question: 4 +#3.4 An atom that loses an electron becomes: + +a positive ion + +an isotope + +a negative ion + +a radioactive atom + +% ans 1 + +% Question: 5 +#3.5 An electric current passing through a wire will produce around the conductor: + +an electric field + +a magnetic field + +an electrostatic field + +nothing + +% ans 2 + +% Question: 6 +#3.6 These magnetic poles repel: + +unlike + +like + +positive + +negative + +% ans 2 + +% Question: 7 +#3.7 A common use for a magnet is in: + +A computer speaker + +An optical mouse + +A keyboard + +A magnetic loop antenna + +% ans 1 + +% Question: 8 +#3.8 The better conductor of electricity is: + +copper + +carbon + +silicon + +aluminium + +% ans 1 + +% Question: 9 +#3.9 The term describing opposition to electron flow in a metallic circuit is: + +current + +voltage + +resistance + +power + +% ans 3 + +% Question: 10 +#3.10 The substance which will most readily allow an electric current to flow is: + +an insulator + +a conductor + +a resistor + +a dielectric + +% ans 2 + +% Question: 11 +#3.11 The plastic coating formed around wire is: + +an insulator + +a conductor + +an inductor + +a magnet + +% ans 1 + +% Question: 12 +#3.12 The following is a source of electrical energy: + +p-channel FET + +carbon resistor + +germanium diode + +lead acid battery + +% ans 4 + +% Question: 13 +#3.13 An important difference between a common torch battery and a lead acid battery is that only the lead acid battery: + +has two terminals + +contains an electrolyte + +can be re-charged + +can be effectively discharged + +% ans 3 + +% Question: 14 +#3.14 As temperature increases, the resistance of a metallic conductor: + +increases + +decreases + +remains constant + +becomes negative + +% ans 1 + +% Question: 15 +#3.15 In an n-type semiconductor, the current carriers are: + +holes + +electrons + +positive ions + +photons + +% ans 2 + +% Question: 16 +#3.16 In a p-type semiconductor, the current carriers are: + +photons + +electrons + +positive ions + +holes + +% ans 4 + +% Question: 17 +#3.17 An electrical insulator: + +lets electricity flow through it in one direction + +does not let electricity flow through it + +lets electricity flow through it when light shines on it + +lets electricity flow through it + +% ans 2 + +% Question: 18 +#3.18 Four good electrical insulators are: + +plastic, rubber, wood, carbon + +glass, wood, copper, porcelain + +paper, glass, air, aluminium + +glass, air, plastic, porcelain + +% ans 4 + +% Question: 19 +#3.19 Three good electrical conductors are: + +copper, gold, mica + +gold, silver, wood + +gold, silver, aluminium + +copper, aluminium, paper + +% ans 3 + +% Question: 20 +#3.20 The name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit is: + +voltage + +resistance + +capacitance + +current + +% ans 4 diff --git a/files/N30.TXT b/files/N30.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5283c8c --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N30.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +% FILENAME N30.TXT +% Digital Systems +% Release version 3, October 2001 +% Q 9 modified 6 Mar 2012 + +%QUESTION: 1 +#30.1 + +In the block diagram shown, the block designated "modem" is a: + +modulator/demodulator + +modulation emphasis unit + +Morse demodulator + +MOSFET de-emphasis unit + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 2 +#30.2 + +In the block diagram shown, the "modem": + +monitors the demodulated signals + +de-emphasises the modulated data + +translates digital signals to and from audio signals + +determines the modulation protocol + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 3 +#30.3 The following can be adapted for use as a modem: + +an electronic keyer + +a spare transceiver + +a spare receiver + +a computer sound-card + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 4 +#30.4 The following are three digital communication modes: + +DSBSC, PACTOR, NBFM + +AGC, FSK, Clover + +PSK31, AFC, PSSN + +AMTOR, PACTOR, PSK31 + +% ans 4 + +%QUESTION: 5 +#30.5 In digital communications, FSK stands for: + +phase selection keying + +final section keying + +frequency shift keying + +final signal keying + +% ans 3 + +%QUESTION: 6 +#30.6 In digital communications, BPSK stands for: + +binary phase shift keying + +baseband polarity shift keying + +band pass selective keying + +burst pulse signal keying + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 7 +#30.7 When your HF digital transmission is received with errors due to multi-path +conditions, you should: + +increase transmitter power + +reduce transmitted baud rate + +reduce transmitter power + +change frequency slightly + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 8 +#30.8 The letters BBS stand for: + +binary baud system + +bulletin board system + +basic binary selector + +broadcast band stopper + +% ans 2 + +%QUESTION: 9 +#30.9 APRS is an adaptation of packet radio. APRS stands for + +Automatic Packet Reporting System + +Amateur Position Reporting System + +Automatic Packet Relay System + +Amateur Position Relay System + +% ans 1 + +%QUESTION: 10 +#30.10 The following communication mode is generally used for connecting to a +VHF packet radio bulletin board: + +SSB + +AM + +FM + +DSB + +% ans 3 + + + + + diff --git a/files/N4.TXT b/files/N4.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf59588 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N4.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +% FILENAME = N4.TXT +% Measurement Units +% Release version 2, January 2000 + +%Question: 1 +#4.1 The unit of impedance is the: + +ampere + +farad + +henry + +ohm + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 2 +#4.2 One kilohm is: + +10 ohm + +0.01 ohm + +0.001 ohm + +1000 ohm + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 3 +#4.3 One kilovolt is equal to: + +10 volt + +100 volt + +1000 volt + +10,000 volt + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 4 +#4.4 One quarter of one ampere may be written as: + +250 microampere + +0.5 ampere + +0.25 milliampere + +250 milliampere + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 5 +#4.5 The watt is the unit of: + +power + +magnetic flux + +electromagnetic field strength + +breakdown voltage + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 6 +#4.6 The voltage 'two volt' is also: + +2000 mV + +2000 kV + +2000 uV + +2000 MV + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 7 +#4.7 The unit for potential difference between two points in a circuit is the: + +ampere + +volt + +ohm + +coulomb + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 8 +#4.8 Impedance is a combination of: + +reactance with reluctance + +resistance with conductance + +resistance with reactance + +reactance with radiation + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 9 +#4.9 One mA is: + +one millionth of one ampere + +one thousandth of one ampere + +one tenth of one ampere + +one millionth of admittance + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 10 +#4.10 The unit of resistance is the: + +farad + +watt + +ohm + +resistor + +% ans 3 + diff --git a/files/N5.TXT b/files/N5.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..074ae3a --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N5.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +% FILENAME = N5.TXT +% Ohm's Law +Release version 3, October 2001 + +%Question: 1 +#5.1 The voltage across a resistor carrying current can be calculated using the formula: + +E = I + R [voltage equals current plus resistance] + +E = I - R [voltage equals current minus resistance] + +E = I x R [voltage equals current times resistance] + +E = I / R [voltage equals current divided by resistance] + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 2 +#5.2 A 10 mA current is measured in a 500 ohm resistor. The voltage across the resistor will be: + +5 volt + +50 volt + +500 volt + +5000 volt + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 3 +#5.3 The value of a resistor to drop 100 volt with a current of 0.8 milliampere is: + +125 ohm + +125 kilohm + +1250 ohm + +1.25 kilohm + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 4 +#5.4 I = E/R is a mathematical equation describing: + +Ohm's Law + +Thevenin's Theorem + +Kirchoff's First Law + +Kirchoff's Second Law + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 5 +#5.5 The voltage to cause a current of 4.4 ampere in a 50 ohm resistance is: + +2220 volt + +220 volt + +22.0 volt + +0.222 volt + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 6 +#5.6 A current of 2 ampere flows through a 16 ohm resistance. The applied voltage is: + +8 volt + +14 volt + +18 volt + +32 volt + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 7 +#5.7 A current of 5 ampere in a 50 ohm resistance produces a potential difference of: + +20 volt + +45 volt + +55 volt + +250 volt + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 8 +#5.8 This voltage is needed to cause a current of 200 mA to flow in a lamp of 25 ohm resistance: + +5 volt + +8 volt + +175 volt + +225 volt + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 9 +#5.9 A current of 0.5 ampere flows through a resistance when 6 volt is applied. To change the +current to 0.25 ampere the voltage must be: + +increased to 12 volt + +reduced to 3 volt + +held constant + +reduced to zero + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 10 +#5.10 The current flowing through a resistor can be calculated by using the formula: + +I = E x R [current equals voltage times resistance] + +I = E / R [current equals voltage divided by resistance] + +I = E + R [current equals voltage plus resistance] + +I = E - R [current equals voltage minus resistance] + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 11 +#5.11 When an 8 ohm resistor is connected across a 12 volt supply the current flow is: + +12 / 8 amps + +8 / 12 amps + +12 - 8 amps + +12 + 8 amps + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 12 +#5.12 A circuit has a total resistance of 100 ohm and 50 volt is applied across it. The current flow will be: + +50 mA + +500 mA + +2 ampere + +20 ampere + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 13 +#5.13 The following formula gives the resistance of a circuit: + +R = I / E [resistance equals current divided by voltage] + +R = E x I [resistance equals voltage times current + +R = E / R [resistance equals voltage divided by resistance] + +R = E / I [resistance equals voltage divided by current] + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 14 +#5.14 A resistor with 10 volt applied across it and passing a current of 1 mA has a value of: + +10 ohm + +100 ohm + +1 kilohm + +10 kilohm + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 15 +#5.15 If a 3 volt battery causes 300 mA to flow in a circuit, the circuit resistance is: + +10 ohm + +9 ohm + +5 ohm + +3 ohm + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 16 +#5.16 A current of 0.5 ampere flows through a resistor when 12 volt is applied. The value of the resistor is: + +6 ohms + +12.5 ohms + +17 ohms + +24 ohms + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 17 +#5.17 The resistor which gives the greatest opposition to current flow is: + +230 ohm + +1.2 kilohm + +1600 ohm + +0.5 megohm + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 18 +#5.18 The ohm is the unit of: + +supply voltage + +electrical pressure + +current flow + +electrical resistance + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 19 +#5.19 If a 12 volt battery supplies 0.15 ampere to a circuit, the circuit's resistance is: + +0.15 ohm + +1.8 ohm + +12 ohm + +80 ohm + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 20 +#5.20 If a 4800 ohm resistor is connected to a 12 volt battery, the current flow is: + +2.5 mA + +25 mA + +40 A + +400 A + +% ans 1 + + diff --git a/files/N6.TXT b/files/N6.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8efa60 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N6.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ +% FILENAME = N6.TXT +% Resistance +% Release version 2, January 2000 + +%Question: 1 +#6.1 The total resistance in a parallel circuit: + +is always less than the smallest resistance + +depends upon the voltage drop across each branch + +could be equal to the resistance of one branch + +depends upon the applied voltage + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 2 +#6.2 Two resistors are connected in parallel and are connected across a 40 volt battery. If each resistor is 1000 ohms, the total battery current is: + +40 ampere + +40 milliampere + +80 ampere + +80 milliampere + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 3 +#6.3 The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the: + +current in any one of the parallel branches + +sum of the currents through all the parallel branches + +applied voltage divided by the value of one of the resistive elements + +source voltage divided by the sum of the resistive elements + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 4 +#6.4 One way to operate a 3 volt bulb from a 9 volt supply is to connect it in: + +series with the supply + +parallel with the supply + +series with a resistor + +parallel with a resistor + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 5 +#6.5 You can operate this number of identical lamps, each drawing a current of 250 mA, from a 5A supply: + +50 + +30 + +20 + +5 + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 6 +#6.6 Six identical 2-volt bulbs are connected in series. The supply voltage to cause the bulbs to light normally is: + +12 V + +1.2 V + +6 V + +2 V + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 7 +#6.7 This many 12 volt bulbs can be arranged in series to form a string of lights to operate from a 240 volt power supply: + +12 x 240 + +240 + 12 + +240 - 12 + +240 / 12 + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 8 +#6.8 Three 10,000 ohm resistors are connected in series across a 90 volt supply. The voltage drop across one of the resistors is: + +30 volt + +60 volt + +90 volt + +15.8 volt + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 9 +#6.9 Two resistors are connected in parallel. R1 is 75 ohm and R2 is 50 ohm. The total resistance of this parallel circuit is: + +10 ohm + +70 ohm + +30 ohm + +40 ohm + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 10 +#6.10 A dry cell has an open circuit voltage of 1.5 volt. When supplying a large current the voltage drops to 1.2 volt. This is due to the cell's: + +internal resistance + +voltage capacity + +electrolyte becoming dry + +current capacity + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 11 +#6.11 A 6 ohm resistor is connected in parallel with a 30 ohm resistor. The total resistance of the combination is: + +5 ohm + +8 ohm + +24 ohm + +35 ohm + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 12 +#6.12 The total resistance of several resistors connected in series is: + +less than the resistance of any one resistor + +greater than the resistance of any one resistor + +equal to the highest resistance present + +equal to the lowest resistance present + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 13 +#6.13 Five 10 ohm resistors connected in series give a total resistance of: + +1 ohm + +5 ohms + +10 ohms + +50 ohms + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 14 +#6.14 Resistors of 10, 270, 3900, and 100 ohm are connected in series. The total resistance is: + +9 ohm + +3900 ohm + +4280 ohm + +10 ohm + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 15 +#6.15 This combination of series resistors could replace a single 120 ohm resistor: + +five 24 ohm + +six 22 ohm + +two 62 ohm + +five 100 ohm + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 16 +#6.16 If a 2.2 megohm and a 100 kilohm resistor are connected in series, the total resistance is: + +2.1 megohm + +2.11 megohm + +2.21 megohm + +2.3 megohm + +% ans 4 + +%Question:17 +#6.17 If ten resistors of equal value R are wired in parallel, the total resistance is: + +R + +10R + +10/R + +R/10 + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 18 +#6.18 The total resistance of four 68 ohm resistors wired in parallel is: + +12 ohm + +17 ohm + +34 ohm + +272 ohm + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 19 +#6.19 Resistors of 68 ohm, 47 kilohm, 560 ohm and 10 ohm are connected in parallel. The total resistance is: + +less than 10 ohm + +between 68 and 560 ohm + +between 560 and and 47 kilohm + +greater than 47 kilohm + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 20 +#6.20 The following resistor combination can most nearly replace a single 150 ohm resistor: + +four 47 ohm resistors in parallel + +five 33 ohm resistors in parallel + +three 47 ohm resistors in series + +five 33 ohm resistors in series + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 21 +#6.21 Two 120 ohm resistors are arranged in parallel to replace a faulty resistor. The faulty resistor had an original value of: + +15 ohm + +30 ohm + +60 ohm + +120 ohm + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 22 +#6.22 Two resistors are in parallel. Resistor A carries twice the current of resistor B which means that: + +A has half the resistance of B + +B has half the resistance of A + +the voltage across A is twice that across B + +the voltage across B is twice that across A + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 23 +#6.23 The smallest resistance that can be made with five 1 k ohm resistors is: + +50 ohm by arranging them in series + +50 ohm by arranging them in parallel + +200 ohm by arranging them in series + +200 ohm by arranging them in parallel + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 24 +#6.24 The following combination of 28 ohm resistors has a total resistance of 42 ohm: + +three resistors in series + +three resistors in parallel + +a combination of two resistors in parallel, then placed in series with another resistor + +a combination of two resistors in parallel, then placed in series with another two in parallel + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 25 +#6.25 Two 100 ohm resistors connected in parallel are wired in series with a 10 ohm resistor. The total resistance of the combination is: + +60 ohms + +180 ohms + +190 ohms + +210 ohms + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 26 +#6.26 A 5 ohm and a 10 ohm resistor are wired in series and connected to a 15 volt power supply. The current flowing from the power supply is: + +0.5 ampere + +1 ampere + +2 ampere + +15 ampere + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 27 +#6.27 Three 12 ohm resistors are wired in parallel and connected to an 8 volt supply. The total current flow from the supply is: + +1 ampere + +2 amperes + +3 amperes + +4.5 amperes + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 28 +#6.28 Two 33 ohm resistors are connected in series with a power supply. If the current flowing is 100 mA, the voltage across one of the resistors is: + +66 volt + +33 volt + +3.3 volt + +1 volt + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 29 +#6.29 A simple transmitter requires a 50 ohm dummy load. You can fabricate this from: + +four 300 ohm resistors in parallel + +five 300 ohm resistors in parallel + +six 300 ohm resistors in parallel + +seven 300 ohm resistors in parallel + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 30 +#6.30 Three 500 ohm resistors are wired in series. Short-circuiting the centre resistor will change the value of the network from: + +1500 ohm to 1000 ohm + +500 ohm to 1000 ohm + +1000 ohm to 500 ohm + +1000 ohm to 1500 ohm + +% ans 1 + diff --git a/files/N7.TXT b/files/N7.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d840e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N7.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ +% FILENAME = N7.TXT +% Power calculations +% Release 3, October 2001 + +%Question: 1 +#7.1 A transmitter power amplifier requires 30 mA at 300 volt. The DC input power is: + +300 watt + +9000 watt + +9 watt + +6 watt + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 2 +#7.2 The DC input power of a transmitter operating at 12 volt and drawing 500 milliamp would be: + +6 watt + +12 watt + +20 watt + +500 watt + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 3 +#7.3 When two 500 ohm 1 watt resistors are connected in series, the maximum total power that can be dissipated by both resistors is: + +4 watt + +2 watt + +1 watt + +1/2 watt + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 4 +#7.4 When two 1000 ohm 5 watt resistors are connected in parallel, they can dissipate a maximum total power of: + +40 watt + +20 watt + +10 watt + +5 watt + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 5 +#7.5 The current in a 100 kilohm resistor is 10 mA. The power dissipated is: + +1 watt + +10 watt + +100 watt + +10,000 watt + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 6 +#7.6 A current of 500 milliamp passes through a 1000 ohm resistance. The power dissipated is: + +0.25 watt + +2.5 watt + +25 watt + +250 watt + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 7 +#7.7 A 20 ohm resistor carries a current of 0.25 ampere. The power dissipated is: + +1.25 watt + +5 watt + +2.50 watt + +10 watt + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 8 +#7.8 If 200 volt is applied to a 2000 ohm resistor, the resistor will dissipate: + +20 watt + +30 watt + +10 watt + +40 watt + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 9 +#7.9 The power delivered to an antenna is 500 watt. The effective antenna resistance is 20 ohm. The antenna current is: + +25 amp + +2.5 amp + +10 amp + +5 amp + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 10 +#7.10 The unit for power is the: + +ohm + +watt + +ampere + +volt + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 11 +#7.11 The following two quantities should be multiplied together to find power: + +resistance and capacitance + +voltage and current + +voltage and inductance + +inductance and capacitance + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 12 +#7.12 The following two electrical units multiplied together give the unit "watt": + +volt and ampere + +volt and farad + +farad and henry + +ampere and henry + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 13 +#7.13 The power dissipation of a resistor carrying a current of 10 mA with 10 volt across it is: + +0.01 watt + +0.1 watt + +1 watt + +10 watt + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 14 +#7.14 If two 10 ohm resistors are connected in series with a 10 volt battery, the battery load is: + +5 watt + +10 watt + +20 watt + +100 watt + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 15 +#7.15 Each of 9 resistors in a circuit is dissipating 4 watt. If the circuit operates from a 12 volt supply, the total current flowing in the circuit is: + +48 ampere + +36 ampere + +9 ampere + +3 ampere + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 16 +#7.16 Three 18 ohm resistors are connected in parallel across a 12 volt supply. The total power +dissipation of the resistor load is: + +3 watt + +18 watt + +24 watt + +36 watt + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 17 +#7.17 A resistor of 10 kilohm carries a current of 20 mA. The power dissipated in the resistor is: + +2 watt + +4 watt + +20 watt + +40 watt + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 18 +#7.18 A resistor in a circuit becomes very hot and starts to burn. This is because the resistor is dissipating too much: + +current + +voltage + +resistance + +power + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 19 +#7.19 A current of 10 ampere rms at a frequency of 50 Hz flows through a 100 ohm resistor. The +power dissipated is: + +500 watt + +707 watt + +10,000 watt + +50,000 watt + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 20 +#7.20 The voltage applied to two resistors in series is doubled. The total power dissipated will: + +increase by four times + +decrease to half + +double + +not change + +% ans 1 diff --git a/files/N8.TXT b/files/N8.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9242e9c --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N8.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +% FILENAME = N8.TXT +% Alternating Current +% Release version 2, January 2000 + +%Question: 1 +#8.1 An 'alternating current' is so called because: + +it reverses direction periodically + +it travels through a circuit using alternate paths + +its direction of travel is uncertain + +its direction of travel can be altered by a switch + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 2 +#8.2 The time for one cycle of a 100 Hz signal is: + +1 second + +0.01 second + +0.0001 second + +10 seconds + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 3 +#8.3 A 50 hertz current in a wire means that: + +a potential difference of 50 volts exists across the wire + +the current flowing in the wire is 50 amperes + +the power dissipated in the wire is 50 watts + +a cycle is completed 50 times in each second + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 4 +#8.4 The current in an AC circuit completes a cycle in 0.1 second. So the frequency is: + +1 Hz + +10 Hz + +100 Hz + +1000 Hz + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 5 +#8.5 An impure signal is found to have 2 kHz and 4 kHz components. This 4 kHz signal is: + +a fundamental of the 2 kHz signal + +a sub-harmonic of 2 kHz + +the DC component of the main signal + +a harmonic of the 2 kHz signal + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 6 +#8.6 The correct name for the equivalent of 'one cycle per second' is one: + +henry + +volt + +hertz + +coulomb + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 7 +#8.7 One megahertz is equal to: + +0.0001 Hz + +100 kHz + +1000 kHz + +10 Hz + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 8 +#8.8 One GHz is equal to: + +1000 kHz + +10 MHz + +100 MHz + +1000 MHz + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 9 +#8.9 The 'rms value' of a sine-wave signal is: + +half the peak voltage + +1.414 times the peak voltage + +the peak-to-peak voltage + +0.707 times the peak voltage + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 10 +#8.10 A sine-wave alternating current of 10 ampere peak has an rms value of: + +5 amp + +7.07 amp + +14.14 amp + +20 amp + +% ans 2 + diff --git a/files/N9.TXT b/files/N9.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac4db15 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/N9.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,288 @@ +% FILENAME = N9.TXTR +% Capacitors, Inductors, Resonance +% Release version 2, January 2000 +% Q 3 deleted "radio" 6 Mar 2012. PDF is corrected already + +%Question: 1 +#9.1 The total capacitance of two or more capacitors in series is: + +always less than that of the smallest capacitor + +always greater than that of the largest capacitor + +found by adding each of the capacitances together + +found by adding the capacitances together and dividing by their total number + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 2 +#9.2 Filter capacitors in power supplies are sometimes connected in series to: + +withstand a greater voltage than a single capacitor can withstand + +increase the total capacity + +reduce the ripple voltage further + +resonate the filter circuit + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 3 +#9.3 A component is identified as a capacitor if its value is measured +in: + +microvolts + +millihenrys + +megohms + +microfarads + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 4 +#9.4 Two metal plates separated by air form a 0.001 uF capacitor. Its value may +be changed to 0.002 uF by: + +bringing the metal plates closer together + +making the plates smaller in size + +moving the plates apart + +touching the two plates together + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 5 +#9.5 The material separating the plates of a capacitor is the: + +dielectric + +semiconductor + +resistor + +lamination + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 6 +#9.6 Three 15 picofarad capacitors are wired in parallel. The value of the +combination is: + +45 picofarad + +18 picofarad + +12 picofarad + +5 picofarad + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 7 +#9.7 Capacitors and inductors oppose an alternating current. This is known as: + +resistance + +resonance + +conductance + +reactance + +% ans 4 + +%Question: 8 +#9.8 The reactance of a capacitor increases as the: + +frequency increases + +frequency decreases + +applied voltage increases + +applied voltage decreases + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 9 +#9.9 The reactance of an inductor increases as the: + +frequency increases + +frequency decreases + +applied voltage increases + +applied voltage decreases + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 10 +#9.10 Increasing the number of turns on an inductor will make its inductance: + +decrease + +increase + +remain unchanged + +become resistive + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 11 +#9.11 The unit of inductance is the: + +farad + +henry + +ohm + +reactance + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 12 +#9.12 Two 20 uH inductances are connected in series. The total inductance is: + +10 uH + +20 uH + +40 uH + +80 uH + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 13 +#9.13 Two 20 uH inductances are connected in parallel. The total inductance is: + +10 uH + +20 uH + +40 uH + +80 uH + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 14 +#9.14 A toroidal inductor is one in which the: + +windings are wound on a closed ring of magnetic material + +windings are air-spaced + +windings are wound on a ferrite rod + +inductor is enclosed in a magnetic shield + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 15 +#9.15 A transformer with 100 turns on the primary winding and 10 turns on the +secondary winding is connected to 230 volt AC mains. The voltage across the +secondary is: + +10 volt + +23 volt + +110 volt + +2300 volt + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 16 +#9.16 An inductor and a capacitor are connected in series. At the resonant +frequency the resulting impedance is: + +maximum + +minimum + +totally reactive + +totally inductive + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 17 +#9.17 An inductor and a capacitor are connected in parallel. At the resonant +frequency the resulting impedance is: + +maximum + +minimum + +totally reactive + +totally inductive + +% ans 1 + +%Question: 18 +#9.18 An inductor and a capacitor form a resonant circuit. The capacitor value +is increased by four times. The resonant frequency will: + +increase by four times + +double + +decrease to half + +decrease to one quarter + +% ans 3 + +%Question: 19 +#9.19 An inductor and a capacitor form a resonant circuit. If the value of the +inductor is decreased by a factor of four, the resonant frequency will: + +increase by a factor of four + +increase by a factor of two + +decrease by a factor of two + +decrease by a factor of four + +% ans 2 + +%Question: 20 +#9.20 A "high Q" resonant circuit is one which: + +carries a high quiescent current + +is highly selective + +has a wide bandwidth + +uses a high value inductance + +% ans 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/insert.php b/insert.php index 5069bee..6e04bf5 100644 --- a/insert.php +++ b/insert.php @@ -1,24 +1,26 @@ $d) { - if(empty($d)) continue; + foreach ($data as $i => $d) { + if (empty($d)) continue; if (strpos(strtolower($d), 'question') !== false) { - $fullQuestion = substr(preg_replace('/^.+\n/', '', $d),1); //Strip useless firstline. + $fullQuestion = substr(preg_replace('/^.+\n/', '', $d), 1); //Strip useless firstline. $numbers = explode(" ", $fullQuestion); $questions[$i]['questionNumber'] = $numbers[0]; // Get # of question $lengthOfNumber = strlen($questions[$i]['questionNumber']); //Get length of # $splitNewLine = explode("\n", trim($fullQuestion)); //Split rest into lines. - $twoLineQuestion = $imageFirstLine = false; + $twoLineQuestion = $imageFirstLine = $threeLineQuestion = false; if (strpos(strtolower($splitNewLine[0]), '$line) { - if($a==0) continue; - if(($twoLineQuestion || $imageFirstLine) && $a==1) continue; - if($twoLineQuestion && $imageFirstLine && $a==2) continue; - if(empty(trim($line))) continue; - if(strpos(strtolower($line), 'totallines') !== false) continue; + $x = $b = 1; + foreach ($splitNewLine as $a => $line) { + //Don't ask what this witchcraft is. + if ($a == 0) continue; + if (($twoLineQuestion || $imageFirstLine) && $a == 1) continue; + if ($threeLineQuestion || ($twoLineQuestion && $imageFirstLine) && $a == 2) continue; + if ($imageFirstLine && $threeLineQuestion && $a == 3) continue; + if (empty(trim($line))) continue; + if (strpos(strtolower($line), 'totallines') !== false) continue; - if(strpos(strtolower($line), 'query("INSERT INTO question(question_time, questiondata_number, questiondata_content, questiondata_image) - VALUES(:qTime, :qNumber, :qContent, :qImage)"); - $db->bind("qTime",time()); - $db->bind("qNumber", $q['questionNumber']?:0); - $db->bind("qContent",$q['question']); - $db->bind("qImage",$q['image']?:""); + VALUES(:qTime, :qNumber, :qContent, :qImage)"); + $db->bind("qTime", time()); + $db->bind("qNumber", $q['questionNumber'] ?: 0); + $db->bind("qContent", $q['question']); + $db->bind("qImage", $q['image'] ?: ""); $db->execute(); $lastRow = $db->lastInsertId(); $db->kill(); //IS THIS EVEN NEEDED? $row = 1; - foreach($q['answers'] as $a) { + foreach ($q['answers'] as $a) { $db = new db(); $db->query("INSERT INTO answer(answer_time, answerdata_content, answerdata_question, answerdata_correct) - VALUES(:aTime, :aContent, :aQuestion, :aCorrect)"); + VALUES(:aTime, :aContent, :aQuestion, :aCorrect)"); $db->bind("aTime", time()); $db->bind("aContent", $a); $db->bind("aQuestion", $lastRow); - $db->bind("aCorrect",($q['correctAnswer']==$row?"1":"0")); + $db->bind("aCorrect", ($q['correctAnswer'] == $row ? "1" : "0")); $db->execute(); $db->kill(); $row++; @@ -85,7 +97,7 @@ if (isset($_REQUEST['raw'])) { $db = null; } - echo "Inserted ".$count." questions."; + echo "Inserted " . $count . " questions."; } else { var_dump($questions); }